Polymers, monomers, chromophoric polymer dots and related methods are provided. Highly fluorescent chromophoric polymer dots with narrow-band emissions are provided. Methods for synthesizing the chromophoric polymers, preparation methods for forming the chromophoric polymer dots, and biological applications using the unique properties of narrow-band emissions are also provided.

A method for producing a carbinol-modified organosiloxane, which comprises steps (A) to (C), is an efficient production method whereby it becomes possible to reduce the production of a by-product of the reaction for the production of a terminal-carbinol-modified organosiloxane. (A) a step of supplying the following components (a) to (c) to a tubular reactor continuously: (a) an organohydrogensiloxane represented by formula (I) ##STR00001## (wherein R.sup.1's independently represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and m represents an integer of 0 to 500); (b) a compound represented by formula (II):
R.sup.2—Z—OH (wherein R.sup.2 represents a vinyl group or an allyl group; and Z represents a bivalent hydrocarbon group); and (c) a platinum catalyst in an amount of 0.005 ppm by mass or more and less than 1.0 ppm by mass in terms of metal platinum content relative to the total amount of the components (a) to (c); (B) a step of subjecting the components (a) to (c) to a hydrosilylation reaction while allowing these components to pass through the tubular reactor; and (C) a step of removing a reaction product.

A method for producing a carbinol-modified organosiloxane, which comprises steps (A) to (C), is an efficient production method whereby it becomes possible to reduce the production of a by-product of the reaction for the production of a terminal-carbinol-modified organosiloxane. (A) a step of supplying the following components (a) to (c) to a tubular reactor continuously: (a) an organohydrogensiloxane represented by formula (I) ##STR00001## (wherein R.sup.1's independently represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and m represents an integer of 0 to 500); (b) a compound represented by formula (II):
R.sup.2—Z—OH (wherein R.sup.2 represents a vinyl group or an allyl group; and Z represents a bivalent hydrocarbon group); and (c) a platinum catalyst in an amount of 0.005 ppm by mass or more and less than 1.0 ppm by mass in terms of metal platinum content relative to the total amount of the components (a) to (c); (B) a step of subjecting the components (a) to (c) to a hydrosilylation reaction while allowing these components to pass through the tubular reactor; and (C) a step of removing a reaction product.

A modified polysiloxane has formula (I) ##STR00001##
In formula (I) m is an integer between 0 and 10000; n is an integer between 0 and 10000; m and n cannot be equal to 0 simultaneously; R.sub.1-R.sub.7 are the same or different; and at least one of R.sub.1-R.sub.7 includes a group having a reversible chemical bond system based on a hydrogen bond, a coordinate bond, or a covalent bond. The polysioxane is used as a main chain to introduce a reversible chemical bond having temperature sensitivity by using a chemical method, so as to obtain a polymer material which is highly sensitive to temperature. The temperature-sensitive properties of materials provide functional materials for specific applications, such as medical external fixation materials, orthopedic materials, and packaging materials, can be obtained by using particular processing and preparation methods.

A modified polysiloxane has formula (I) ##STR00001##
In formula (I) m is an integer between 0 and 10000; n is an integer between 0 and 10000; m and n cannot be equal to 0 simultaneously; R.sub.1-R.sub.7 are the same or different; and at least one of R.sub.1-R.sub.7 includes a group having a reversible chemical bond system based on a hydrogen bond, a coordinate bond, or a covalent bond. The polysioxane is used as a main chain to introduce a reversible chemical bond having temperature sensitivity by using a chemical method, so as to obtain a polymer material which is highly sensitive to temperature. The temperature-sensitive properties of materials provide functional materials for specific applications, such as medical external fixation materials, orthopedic materials, and packaging materials, can be obtained by using particular processing and preparation methods.

A polymer layer includes a composition including polyborondimethylsiloxane and benzoyl peroxide. The polymer layer has a light transmittance of about 84% or more in a wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm. Therefore, the polymer layer exhibits strong impact resistance and optical transparency.

The present invention provides a bio-electrode composition including a silicone bonded to a sulfonamide salt, wherein the sulfonamide salt is shown by the following general formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms optionally having an aromatic group, an ether group, or an ester group, or an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; Rf represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and containing at least one fluorine atom; M.sup.+ is an ion selected from a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a potassium ion, and a silver ion. This can form a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode that is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, light-weight, manufacturable at low cost, and free from large lowering of the electric conductivity even though it is wetted with water or dried.

The present invention provides a bio-electrode composition including a silicone bonded to a sulfonamide salt, wherein the sulfonamide salt is shown by the following general formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms optionally having an aromatic group, an ether group, or an ester group, or an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; Rf represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and containing at least one fluorine atom; M.sup.+ is an ion selected from a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a potassium ion, and a silver ion. This can form a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode that is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, light-weight, manufacturable at low cost, and free from large lowering of the electric conductivity even though it is wetted with water or dried.

The present invention provides a bio-electrode composition including a silicone bonded to a sulfonimide salt, wherein the sulfonimide salt is shown by the following general formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms optionally having an aromatic group, an ether group, or an ester group, or an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; Rf represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and containing at least one fluorine atom; M.sup.+ is an ion selected from a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a potassium ion, and a silver ion. This can form a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode that is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, light-weight, manufacturable at low cost, and free from large lowering of the electric conductivity even though it is wetted with water or dried.

The present invention provides a bio-electrode composition including a silicone bonded to a sulfonimide salt, wherein the sulfonimide salt is shown by the following general formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms optionally having an aromatic group, an ether group, or an ester group, or an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; Rf represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and containing at least one fluorine atom; M.sup.+ is an ion selected from a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a potassium ion, and a silver ion. This can form a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode that is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, light-weight, manufacturable at low cost, and free from large lowering of the electric conductivity even though it is wetted with water or dried.