Provided are a low-reflective coating layer, a porous layer, a method of fabricating the porous layer, and an optical member including the porous layer. According to an embodiment, a low-reflective coating layer comprising a porous film having hollow sphere structures or bowl-like structures is provided. Each hollow sphere structure or bowl-like structure may have cavity formed therein. The hollow sphere structures or the bowl-like structures may be formed from spherical micelles, and each spherical micelle may be formed by self-assembling a supramolecular complex of a first compound block and a second compound block. In addition, the first compound block may constitute a backbone of the supramolecular chemical compound and the second compound block may constitute a side chain of the supramolecular. The second compound block may be non-covalent bonded to the first compound block.

Polymeric particles are provided that have pores (i.e., free volume or voids). The polymeric particles can be used to store or deliver active agents that are adsorbed in the pores of the polymeric particles. In many embodiments, the active agents are hydrophobic. Reaction mixtures and methods of forming the polymeric particles from the reaction mixtures are also provided.

Porous polymeric resins, reaction mixtures and methods that can be used to prepare the porous polymeric resins, and uses of the porous polymeric resin are described. More specifically, the polymeric resins typically have a hierarchical porous structure plus reactive groups that can be used to interact with or react with a variety of different target compounds. The reactive groups can be selected from an acidic group or a salt thereof, an amino group or salt thereof, a hydroxyl group, an azlactone group, a glycidyl group, or a combination thereof.

In an embodiment, a porous material comprises a base polymer having a continuous pore structure. In another embodiment, a method of making the porous material comprises reacting a base polymer with a degradable polymer with a crosslinker in the presence of a solvent and/or reacting a base polymer and a degradable polymer with a crosslinker in the presence of the solvent; removing the solvent to form a phase separated material; and removing the degradable polymer to form the porous material.

A mesoporous organic material which makes it possible to extract, using the liquid-solid extraction technique, the uranium(VI) contained in an aqueous medium including phosphoric acid, with high efficiency and high selectivity for the iron that the medium can likewise contain. The material is likely to be obtained by cross-linking polymerisation of a monomer of formula (I) below, wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are, independently from one another, H, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon group, or a polymerisable group, with the condition that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is a polymerisable group; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are, independently from one another, H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon group; the cross-linking polymerisation being carried out in the presence of a cross-linking agent and one or more pore-forming agents.

The invention relates to a material including a support consisting of a porous composite material including at least one polymer phase forming a binder based on at least one polymer selected from thermoplastic polymers, elastomers, and elastomer thermoplastics, and at least one filler selected from thermally conductive fillers, the pores of the support consisting of the porous composite material being partially or entirely filled with at least one phase-change material. The invention also relates to a method for producing said material.

A crosslinked polyolefin separator which has gels with a longer side length of 50 μm or more in a number ranging from 0 to 3 per 1 m.sup.2 of the separator, and shows a standard deviation of absorbance ratio between the center of the separator and the side thereof ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 is provided. A method for manufacturing the crosslinked polyolefin separator is also provided. The method includes (S1) preparing a polyolefin porous membranes, and (S2) applying a coating solution containing an initiator and alkoxy group-containing vinylsilane onto at least one surface of the porous membrane. The coating solution can permeate even to the inside of exposed pores. Thus, it is possible to provide a crosslinked polyolefin separator in which silane crosslinking occurs uniformly even inside of the pores.

A crosslinked polyolefin separator which has gels with a longer side length of 50 μm or more in a number ranging from 0 to 3 per 1 m.sup.2 of the separator, and shows a standard deviation of absorbance ratio between the center of the separator and the side thereof ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 is provided. A method for manufacturing the crosslinked polyolefin separator is also provided. The method includes (S1) preparing a polyolefin porous membrane, and (S2) applying a coating solution containing an initiator and alkoxy group-containing vinylsilane onto at least one surface of the porous membrane. The coating solution can permeate even to the inside of exposed pores. Thus, it is possible to provide a crosslinked polyolefin separator in which silane crosslinking occurs uniformly even inside of the pores.

A molding device produces a porous film from a molding material which is an emulsion. In a case where a volume of a dispersed phase is X1 and a volume of a continuous phase is X2, the molding material has a value of X1/(X1+X2) within a range of 0.5 or more and 0.9 or less. In the molding material, a specific gravity of the dispersed phase is greater than a specific gravity of the continuous phase. The molding material includes a water phase containing a curable compound as the continuous phase, and forms a liquid film on a support. Thereafter, the curable compound in the liquid film is cured. After curing, the dispersed phase is removed.

A method of forming a porous, polymer aerogel, includes producing a miscible formulation of at least one of monomers, oligomers, crosslinkers and prepolymers, polymerizing the miscible formulation to form a multiphasic gel, wherein phases are continuous and the multiphasic gel has at least one depolymerizable domain and at least one non-depolymerizable domain, and the at least one depolymerizable domain is chemically bonded to the at least one non-depolymerizable domain, and removing the depolymerizable domain or domains from the multiphasic gel to produce a porous aerogel with a color rendering index of at least 25. A method of forming a porous, polymer aerogel, including producing a miscible formulation of at least one monomer, oligomer or crosslinker, and a prepolymer having at least one reactive functional group, polymerizing the miscible formulation to form a multiphasic gel, wherein the prepolymer having at least one reactive functional group is chemically bonded to a polymer that results from the polymerization of the at least one monomer or oligomer, and phases are continuous and the multiphasic gel has at least one depolymerizable domain bonded to at least one non-depolymerizable domain, and placing the multiphasic gel in a depolymerization solution having a depolymerization solvent to chemically degrade the depolymerizable domain into smaller oligomers and monomers, removing the depolymerization solvent to produce a porous aerogel with a color rendering index of at least 25.