Methods of forming nanoporous materials are described herein that include forming a polymer network with a chemically removable portion. The chemically removable portion may be polycarbonate polymer that is removable on application of heat or exposure to a base, or a polyhexahydrotriazine (PHT) or polyhemiaminal (PHA) polymer that is removable on exposure to an acid. The method generally includes forming a reaction mixture comprising a formaldehyde, a solvent, a primary aromatic diamine, and a diamine having a primary amino group and a secondary amino group, the secondary amino group having a base-reactive substituent, and heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of between about 50 degC and about 150 degC to form a polymer. Removing any portion of the polymer results in formation of nanoscopic pores as polymer chains are decomposed, leaving pores in the polymer matrix.

A method of forming a binder composition includes providing a urea-formaldehyde resin and combining one or more starch compounds with the urea-formaldehyde resin to form a starch modified urea-formaldehyde resin. The one or more starch compounds may be combined with the urea-formaldehyde resin so that the starch modified urea-formaldehyde resin includes about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the one or more starch compounds.

A method of forming a binder composition includes providing a urea-formaldehyde resin and combining one or more starch compounds with the urea-formaldehyde resin to form a starch modified urea-formaldehyde resin. The one or more starch compounds may be combined with the urea-formaldehyde resin so that the starch modified urea-formaldehyde resin includes about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the one or more starch compounds.

A method of forming a binder composition includes providing a urea-formaldehyde resin and combining one or more starch compounds with the urea-formaldehyde resin to form a starch modified urea-formaldehyde resin. The one or more starch compounds may be combined with the urea-formaldehyde resin so that the starch modified urea-formaldehyde resin includes about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the one or more starch compounds.

A method for manufacturing a modified porous composite structure includes steps as follows. A functionalized melamine sponge is provided, a porous organic framework source is provided, a connecting step is conducted, and a modifying step is conducted. The porous organic framework source includes a porous organic framework or a precursor of the porous organic framework. The porous organic framework and the precursor of the porous organic framework include a plurality of first ligands. Each first ligand includes at least one tetrazine group. In the connecting step, the functionalized melamine sponge is combined with the porous organic framework, so that a porous composite structure is obtained. In the modifying step, a reactive group of a modifying group donor is reacted with the tetrazine group, so that a modifying group of the modifying group donor is connected to the porous composite structure to obtain the modified porous composite structure.

A method for manufacturing a modified porous composite structure includes steps as follows. A functionalized melamine sponge is provided, a porous organic framework source is provided, a connecting step is conducted, and a modifying step is conducted. The porous organic framework source includes a porous organic framework or a precursor of the porous organic framework. The porous organic framework and the precursor of the porous organic framework include a plurality of first ligands. Each first ligand includes at least one tetrazine group. In the connecting step, the functionalized melamine sponge is combined with the porous organic framework, so that a porous composite structure is obtained. In the modifying step, a reactive group of a modifying group donor is reacted with the tetrazine group, so that a modifying group of the modifying group donor is connected to the porous composite structure to obtain the modified porous composite structure.

In an embodiment, a polymeric material includes a plurality of hemiaminal units bonded together by a first linkage and a second linkage, wherein the first linkage is thermally stable and resistant to bases and the second linkage is thermally degradable and degradable by a base. In another embodiment, a method of forming nanoporous materials includes forming a polymer network with a chemically removable portion. The chemically removable portion may be polycarbonate polymer that is removable on application of heat or exposure to a base, or a polyhexahydrotriazine (PHT) or polyhemiaminal (PHA) polymer that is removable on exposure to an acid. Removing any portion of the polymer results in formation of nanoscopic pores as polymer chains are decomposed, leaving pores in the polymer matrix.

Methods of forming nanoporous materials are described herein that include forming a polymer network with a chemically removable portion. The chemically removable portion may be polycarbonate polymer that is removable on application of heat or exposure to a base, or a polyhexahydrotriazine (PHT) or polyhemiaminal (PHA) polymer that is removable on exposure to an acid. The method generally includes forming a reaction mixture comprising a formaldehyde, a solvent, a primary aromatic diamine, and a diamine having a primary amino group and a secondary amino group, the secondary amino group having a base-reactive substituent, and heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of between about 50 deg C. and about 150 deg C. to form a polymer. Removing any portion of the polymer results in formation of nanoscopic pores as polymer chains are decomposed, leaving pores in the polymer matrix.

A low formaldehyde-emission urea-formaldehyde adhesive with superior mechanical properties and high durability, useful for manufacturing wood boards or panels comprising: (a) Urea (U) and Formaldehyde (F) in molar ratio F/U from 0.9 to 1.2; (b) 1.3-1.7% w/w of cellulose nanofibrils (NFC) with a width between 45-60 nm; and (c) 0.4-0.6% w/w copper nanoparticles having a size between 30 to 100 nm, and its method of preparation.

Methods of forming nanoporous materials are described herein that include forming a polymer network with a chemically removable portion. The chemically removable portion may be polycarbonate polymer that is removable on application of heat or exposure to a base, or a polyhexahydrotriazine (PHT) or polyhemiaminal (PHA) polymer that is removable on exposure to an acid. The method generally includes forming a reaction mixture comprising a formaldehyde, a solvent, a primary aromatic diamine, and a diamine having a primary amino group and a secondary amino group, the secondary amino group having a base-reactive substituent, and heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of between about 50 deg C. and about 150 deg C. to form a polymer. Removing any portion of the polymer results in formation of nanoscopic pores as polymer chains are decomposed, leaving pores in the polymer matrix.