Modified lignin products, processes for making them, and their use to produce rigid polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams are disclosed. The processes comprise heating a lignin source with a nitrogen source and a starved concentration of a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aldehyde to give a reaction mixture comprising a Mannich condensation product, neutralizing the reaction mixture, and isolating the modified lignin product. The process is performed at a mass ratio of lignin source to nitrogen source within the range of 1:1 to 1:5 and at a molar ratio of nitrogen source to C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aldehyde within the range of 3.5:1 to 1:1. Polyol blends and performance additives that contain the modified lignin products are described. Rigid foams that process well and incorporate up to 60 wt.%, based on the amount of polyol component, of the modified lignin contribute to excellent flame retardancy and low-temperature R-value performance.

A reactive mixture and method for making a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) flexible foam having a predominantly open-cell structure (open-cell content of ≥50% by volume calculated on the total volume of the foam and measured according to ASTM D6226-10) and an apparent density below 200 kg/m.sup.3.

Polymers are disclosed that incorporate portions of secondary or tertiary polyamide segments connected with polyisocyanates. These polymers have enhanced matting properties. The enhanced matting properties are from creating an inherently matt surface from the polymer without the use of any separate fine particle size matting additives. Conventional matting agents such as fine particle size silica usually results in loss of physical properties such as haze development and porosity in the coating from the matting agent. Composites and hybrids of these polymers and other polyamides, polyurethane with vinyl polymers (acrylates) are also disclosed and claimed.

This blocked polyisocyanate composition contains a block polyisocyanate derived from one or more diisocyanates, an active hydrogen compound, and a blocking agent containing a malonic acid ester. The active hydrogen compound has a number-average molecular weight of 60 to 5,000 and an average of 1.6 to 2.4 functional groups.

A tertiary amine compound is shown and described herein. The tertiary amine is a reaction product of an isocyanate and a compound bearing an active hydrogen and a bicyclic tertiary amine in its molecule. The tertiary amine compounds have been found to be suitable as catalysts for producing polyurethanes. Also shown and described are processes employing the tertiary amine compounds in a reaction of an isocyanate and an alcohol in the presence of the tertiary amine compounds. Further, also shown and described is a method for making the tertiary amine.

The polymer comprises units of formula (I) and of formula (Ibis), being comprised the molar ratio between units (I) and (Ibis) comprised from 1.0:0.2 to 1.0:0.8, and wherein R.sub.4 are independently selected from radicals of formula (II), (III), and (IV), R.sub.1 and R.sub.1′ are independently selected from: —H, (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)alkyl, (C.sub.5-C.sub.14)aryl, —OR.sub.5, —(CO)R.sub.6, —O(CO)R.sub.7, —(SO)R.sub.8, —NH—CO—R.sub.9, —COOR.sub.10, —NR.sub.11R.sub.12, —NO.sub.2, and halogen; R.sub.2, R.sub.2′, R.sub.3, and R.sub.3′ are —H; P is a polymeric chain, R.sub.5 to R.sub.12 are independently selected: —H, (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)alkyl, and (C.sub.5-C.sub.14)aryl;R.sub.13 and R.sub.14 are independently selected from (C.sub.1-C.sub.5)alkyl, and (C.sub.5-C.sub.14)aryl;, m is from 3 to 4; n is from 1 to 2; and p is from 1 to 2 provided that n+m+p sums 6; the polymer comprising from 5 to 25 weight % of urea moieties, and having H-bonding and pi-pi staking interactions between the urea groups, and a tensile strength comprised from 3 to 15 MPa.

The present disclosure relates to a method for making a non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foam, where the method includes decomposing a blowing agent having at least one of an amine carbamate salt and/or an amine bicarbonate salt to form a diamine and CO.sub.2 in the presence of a molecule comprising a plurality of cyclic carbonate functional groups and reacting the diamine with at least a portion of the cyclic carbonate functional groups to form the NIPU foam. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the reacting and the decomposing may occur at substantially the same rate.

Embodiments herein are related to hydrophilic open cell foams. In an embodiment, an article is included having an open cell foam structure. The open cell foam structure can include a hydrophilic polyurethane polymer comprising a reaction product of a polyol and/or polyamine component and an isocyanate, the polyol and/or polyamine component comprising a mixture of functionalized and non-functionalized polyols and/or polyamines in a ratio by weight of about 5:95 to about 95:5 of functionalized to non-functionalized.

A reaction system, such as for forming a rigid polyurethane foam, includes a flame retardant polyol that is a brominated reaction product of a cardanol component, a bromine component, and an additive component. The cardanol component includes at least 80 wt % of cardanol, based on the total weight of the cardanol component, and the bromine component including at least 80 wt % of bromine, based on the total weight of the bromine component.

Disclosed are a process of producing a polyurethane foam product, a polyurethane foam product pre-mix, polyurethane foam product formulation, and a polyurethane foam product. The process of producing the polyurethane foam product includes contacting a halogen containing composition with a polyurethane foam product pre-mix. The polyurethane foam product pre-mix includes the halogen containing composition. The polyurethane foam product formulation includes a polyol component, an isocyanate component, and a halogen containing compound component. The polyurethane foam product is formed by the pre-mix having the halogen containing composition.