Additive manufacturing processes featuring consolidation of thermoplastic particulates may form printed objects in a range of shapes. Inorganic nanoparticles disposed upon the outer surface of the thermoplastic particulates may improve flow performance of the thermoplastic particulates during additive manufacturing, but may be undesirable to incorporate in some printed objects. Polymer nanoparticles may be substituted for inorganic nanoparticles in some instances to address this difficulty and provide other advantages. Particulate compositions suitable for additive manufacturing may comprise: a plurality of thermoplastic particulates comprising a thermoplastic polymer and a plurality of polymer nanoparticles disposed upon an outer surface of the thermoplastic particulates, the polymer nanoparticles comprising a crosslinked fluorinated polymer.

A manufacturing method described in the present invention provides antimicrobial copper-containing polyurethane foams by embedding microparticles of metallic copper (Cu), cuprous oxide (Cu.sub.2O), cupric oxide (CuO), or cuprous iodide (CuI), or combinations thereof, into polyurethane foams, wherein said microparticles are homogenously distributed throughout the formed polymeric matrix of said foam. The method combines these copper-containing microparticles, or polyurethane liquid additive containing these particles, mixed in polyol with isocyanate.

A laminate (1) provided with: a substrate (2); an undercoat layer (3), which is formed on at least a portion of the outer surface of the substrate (2), contains an organic polymer with a functional group, and is formed in a membrane form or film form; and an atomic layer deposition film (4), which contains a precursor (6) that serves as a starting material, is formed so as to cover the surface of the undercoat layer (3), and in which at least some of the precursor (6) are bonded to the functional groups. The linear expansion coefficient of a layered film provided with the substrate (2) and the undercoat layer (3) is from about 1.0×10.sup.−5/K to about 8.0×10.sup.−5/K.

Additive manufacturing processes featuring consolidation of thermoplastic particulates may form printed objects in a range of shapes. Inorganic nanoparticles disposed upon the outer surface of the thermoplastic particulates may improve flow performance of the thermoplastic particulates during additive manufacturing, but may be undesirable to incorporate in some printed objects. Polymer nanoparticles may be substituted for inorganic nanoparticles in some instances to address this difficulty and provide other advantages. Particulate compositions suitable for additive manufacturing may comprise: a plurality of thermoplastic particulates comprising a thermoplastic polymer and a plurality of polymer nanoparticles disposed upon an outer surface of the thermoplastic particulates, the polymer nanoparticles comprising a crosslinked fluorinated polymer.

There is provided a packaging material comprising a fibre based substrate and a gas barrier layer based on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), wherein said gas barrier layer comprises an interpolymer complex forming agent (IPCFA), which IPCFA is a water-soluble polymer exhibiting functional groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds with —OH groups of the PVOH. Said PVOH has a weight average molecular weight (M.sub.w) measured according to ASTM D4001-13 in the range of about 80 kg/mol to 135 kg/mol, the proportion of said IPCFA to PVOH in said gas barrier layer is in the range of 0.5 to 7.0% (w/w) and said packaging material has an oxygen permeability (OP) below 14 ml μm/m.sup.2 day atm, which OP is obtained by multiplying the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the packaging material measured according to ASTM F1927-7 at a relative humidity (RH) of 80% and 23° C. by the thickness of the gas barrier layer.

Additive manufacturing processes featuring consolidation of thermoplastic particulates may form printed objects in a range of shapes. Inorganic nanoparticles disposed upon the outer surface of the thermoplastic particulates may improve flow performance of the thermoplastic particulates during additive manufacturing, but may be undesirable to incorporate in some printed objects. Polymer nanoparticles may be substituted for inorganic nanoparticles in some instances to address this difficulty and provide other advantages. Particulate compositions suitable for additive manufacturing may comprise: a plurality of thermoplastic particulates comprising a thermoplastic polymer and a plurality of polymer nanoparticles disposed upon an outer surface of the thermoplastic particulates, the polymer nanoparticles comprising a crosslinked fluorinated polymer.

There is provided a method for the production of a packaging material comprising a substrate and a gas barrier layer based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), said method comprising the steps of—applying a coating composition of said PVOH dissolved in a first solvent onto said substrate to form a coating—subjecting the coating to a first drying step to form a dried PVOH-based coating on said substrate, contacting the dried PVOH-based coating with a crosslinking solution comprising a crosslinking agent in a second solvent, to effect crosslinking of the PVOH-based coating, and—subsequent to the contact with the crosslinking solution, subjecting the PVOH-based coating to a second drying step, forming the PVOH-based barrier layer on said substrate, with the proviso that if the crosslinking solution comprises PVOH, the amount of PVOH added by the crosslinking solution is less than 20% (by weight), such as less than 10% (by weight), of the amount of PVOH added by the coating composition.

An object of the present invention is to provide a gel material including a solvophilic polymer having a μm-scale porous structure.

A polymer gel in which solvophilic polymer units are cross-linked with each other, wherein the polymer gel contains a solvent and has a three-dimensional network structure having two regions: a first region in which the polymer units are densely present and a second region in which the polymer units are sparsely present, and a mesh size composed of the first region is from 1 to 500 μm.

A novel adhesive composition that exhibits excellent adhesiveness even to materials having poor adhesiveness, such as polyolefin materials. The adhesive composition includes a polymer having a partial structure represented by formula [I] (where R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 each independently represent an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.1 are optionally bonded by a single bond; A represents an unsubstituted or substituted arylene group; G represents a carbon atom, a silicon atom, or a germanium atom; and * represents a bonding position).

##STR00001##

A gas barrier film includes: a substrate; and a gas barrier layer located on at least one surface of the substrate, the gas barrier layer containing an aqueous polyurethane resin that contains an acid group-containing polyurethane resin and a polyamine compound, a water soluble polymer, and an inorganic layered mineral, wherein, when a region from a top to a bottom of a cross-section of the gas barrier layer in a thickness direction, which is defined as a first region, is equally divided in the thickness direction into 11 strip regions, and a region different from the first region from a top to a bottom of a cross-section of the gas barrier layer in the thickness direction, which is defined as a second region.