A method for forming a self-cleaning coating, comprises providing a first dispersion comprising plasmonic nanoparticles by suspending plasmonic nanoparticles in an organic medium and providing a second dispersion comprising a precursor of a photocatalytic matrix in an organic medium. The method further comprises forming a mixture of the first and second dispersion and coating the mixture on a surface. The method also comprises calcining the coated mixture.

A method for forming a self-cleaning coating, comprises providing a first dispersion comprising plasmonic nanoparticles by suspending plasmonic nanoparticles in an organic medium and providing a second dispersion comprising a precursor of a photocatalytic matrix in an organic medium. The method further comprises forming a mixture of the first and second dispersion and coating the mixture on a surface. The method also comprises calcining the coated mixture.