A method of coating a substrate includes adding ion erosion resistant particles, conductive particles, and a binder to an electrophoretic solution in an electrophoretic deposition apparatus including the substrate and a cathode spaced from the substrate. A current is applied to the substrate and cathode to deposit a first layer coating including the erosion resistant particles, the conductive particles, and the binder onto the substrate. The method further includes adding a low work function material to an electrolyte solution in an electrolytic deposition apparatus including the substrate and a cathode spaced from the substrate. A current is applied to the substrate and the cathode to deposit a second layer coating including the low work function material onto the substrate.

A soluble composite powder comprising homogenous composite particles, the homogenous composite particles comprising at least one soluble thermoplastic material and at least one submicron nanoparticle material. The at least one soluble thermoplastic material comprises from about 50 to 99 weight percent of the powder, and the at least one submicron nanoparticle material comprises from about 1 to 50 weight percent of the powder. The powder is soluble.

This invention provides novel carbon black composition comprising of at least 5 one first carbon black, filler1, with iodine number in the range of about 25 to 160 mg/g, nitrogen surface area (NSA) in the range of 20 m.sup.2/g to 150 m.sup.2/g, with at least one second carbon black, filler 2, preferably, with iodine number in the range of 160 mg/g to 300 mg/g, nitrogen surface area (NSA) in the range of 160 m.sup.2/g to 300 m.sup.2/g oil absorption number (OAN) in the range of 50 10 ml/100 g to 120 ml/100 g, having synergistically enhanced distribution of width of aggregate size ΔD50 and elastomer compounds of natural rubber or synthetic rubbers or their predefined mixtures comprising said novel carbon black composition with improved properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, cut growth etc. along with improvement of the aesthetic 15 and colour properties of the elastomer compounds, such as, L* value etc.

This invention provides novel carbon black composition comprising of at least 5 one first carbon black, filler1, with iodine number in the range of about 25 to 160 mg/g, nitrogen surface area (NSA) in the range of 20 m.sup.2/g to 150 m.sup.2/g, with at least one second carbon black, filler 2, preferably, with iodine number in the range of 160 mg/g to 300 mg/g, nitrogen surface area (NSA) in the range of 160 m.sup.2/g to 300 m.sup.2/g oil absorption number (OAN) in the range of 50 10 ml/100 g to 120 ml/100 g, having synergistically enhanced distribution of width of aggregate size ΔD50 and elastomer compounds of natural rubber or synthetic rubbers or their predefined mixtures comprising said novel carbon black composition with improved properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, cut growth etc. along with improvement of the aesthetic 15 and colour properties of the elastomer compounds, such as, L* value etc.

This invention provides novel carbon black composition comprising of at least 5 one first carbon black, filler1, with iodine number in the range of about 25 to 160 mg/g, nitrogen surface area (NSA) in the range of 20 m.sup.2/g to 150 m.sup.2/g, with at least one second carbon black, filler 2, preferably, with iodine number in the range of 160 mg/g to 300 mg/g, nitrogen surface area (NSA) in the range of 160 m.sup.2/g to 300 m.sup.2/g oil absorption number (OAN) in the range of 50 10 ml/100 g to 120 ml/100 g, having synergistically enhanced distribution of width of aggregate size ΔD50 and elastomer compounds of natural rubber or synthetic rubbers or their predefined mixtures comprising said novel carbon black composition with improved properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, cut growth etc. along with improvement of the aesthetic 15 and colour properties of the elastomer compounds, such as, L* value etc.

A polyurethane composition includes first and second components, wherein the first component contains between 30% and 99% by weight of a polyol mixture including 100 parts by weight of at least one hydrophobic polyol, 10 to 75 parts by weight of at least one hydrophilic polyol, 0 to 25 parts by weight of at least one diol having two hydroxyl groups linked via a C2 to C9 carbon chain; and also at least one compound having at least one thiol group; and the second component includes at least one polyisocyanate, wherein one of the two components additionally includes at least one metal catalyst for the reaction of hydroxyl groups and isocyanate groups that is able to form thio complexes and the molar ratio of all the thiol groups in the at least one compound to all metal atoms in the at least one metal catalyst is between 1:1 and 250:1.

A polyurethane composition includes first and second components, wherein the first component contains between 30% and 99% by weight of a polyol mixture including 100 parts by weight of at least one hydrophobic polyol, 10 to 75 parts by weight of at least one hydrophilic polyol, 0 to 25 parts by weight of at least one diol having two hydroxyl groups linked via a C2 to C9 carbon chain; and also at least one compound having at least one thiol group; and the second component includes at least one polyisocyanate, wherein one of the two components additionally includes at least one metal catalyst for the reaction of hydroxyl groups and isocyanate groups that is able to form thio complexes and the molar ratio of all the thiol groups in the at least one compound to all metal atoms in the at least one metal catalyst is between 1:1 and 250:1.

Provided is a polycarbonate-polyorganosiloxane copolymer, including: a polyorganosiloxane block (A-1) including a specific structural unit; and a polycarbonate block (A-2) formed of a specific repeating unit, wherein the polycarbonate-polyorganosiloxane copolymer satisfies the following condition (A) or (B): condition (A): a hexane extraction amount of the polycarbonate-polyorganosiloxane copolymer is 150 ppm or less; and condition (B): average weights of polyorganosiloxane blocks in polycarbonate-polyorganosiloxane copolymers obtained by separating the polycarbonate-polyorganosiloxane copolymer with a gel permeation chromatograph satisfy a specific expression.

Provided is a polycarbonate-polyorganosiloxane copolymer, including: a polyorganosiloxane block (A-1) including a specific structural unit; and a polycarbonate block (A-2) formed of a specific repeating unit, wherein the polycarbonate-polyorganosiloxane copolymer satisfies the following condition (A) or (B): condition (A): a hexane extraction amount of the polycarbonate-polyorganosiloxane copolymer is 150 ppm or less; and condition (B): average weights of polyorganosiloxane blocks in polycarbonate-polyorganosiloxane copolymers obtained by separating the polycarbonate-polyorganosiloxane copolymer with a gel permeation chromatograph satisfy a specific expression.

Disclosed herein are nanoporous membranes for separating a target substance from a non-target substance in a fluid medium and methods of making and use thereof. The nanoporous membranes comprise a 2D material permeated by a first and second population of pores; wherein the average pore diameter of the first population of pores is greater than or equal to the van der Waals diameter of water and less than the average size of the non-target substance in the fluid medium; wherein the average pore diameter of the second population of pores is greater than or equal to the average size of the non-target substance in the fluid medium; and wherein substantially all of the second population of pores are substantially blocked by a polymer via size-selective interfacial polymerization; such that the nanoporous membrane allows for transport of the target substance through the nanoporous membrane via the first population of pores.