Method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module comprising at least a first layer and a second layer affixed to each other by means of an encapsulant, said method comprising a lamination step wherein the encapsulant material comprises a silane-modified polyolefin having a melting point below 90° C., pigment particles and an additive comprising a cross-linking catalyst; and wherein in said lamination step heat and pressure are applied to the module, said heat being applied at a temperature between 60° C. and 125° C.

A non-fluorinated copolymer composition containing (1) a fluorine-free copolymer and (2) acetylene alcohol. The non-fluorinated copolymer (1) has a repeating unit formed from (a) an acrylic monomer having a long-chain hydrocarbon group having 7 to 40 carbon atoms; and a repeating unit formed from (c) an acrylic monomer having an olefinic carbon-carbon double bond and an ion donating group. Also disclosed is an oil-resistant agent containing a fluorine-free composition including (1) a fluorine-free copolymer, and (2) an acetylene alcohol, wherein the fluorine-free copolymer (1) has a repeating unit formed from (a) an acrylic monomer having a long-chain hydrocarbon group having 7 to 40 carbon atoms; an oil-resistant agent kit; a method for producing the fluorine-free copolymer; an oil-resistant paper; and a method for eliminating foam during treatment of paper with the fluorine-free copolymer composition.

Polymerization unit for producing polymer powder having at least one polymerization reactor for the polymerization of light (co)monomer(s) having less than 7 carbon atoms, and heavy comonomer(s) having at least 7 carbon atoms, and a degassing section including two (and optionally a third) cylindrical degassing vessels in series. Light (co)monomer(s) are degassed in the first degassing vessel (V1) and recovered, and heavy comonomers are degassed in the second degassing vessel (V2) and recovered. The active polymer powder is optionally polished and/or optionally deactivated in the optional third degassing vessel (V3). The cross-sectional area (S2) of the second degassing vessel is greater than 1.5 times the cross-sectional area (S1) of the first degassing vessel [S2>1.5×S1], and vessels V1 and V2 are equipped with a vent recovery unit (VR) for respectively recovering the light (co-)monomer(s) (VR1) and the heavy comonomer(s) (VR2) from the gases exiting the vessels.

Polymerization unit for producing polymer powder having at least one polymerization reactor for the polymerization of light (co)monomer(s) having less than 7 carbon atoms, and heavy comonomer(s) having at least 7 carbon atoms, and a degassing section including two (and optionally a third) cylindrical degassing vessels in series. Light (co)monomer(s) are degassed in the first degassing vessel (V1) and recovered, and heavy comonomers are degassed in the second degassing vessel (V2) and recovered. The active polymer powder is optionally polished and/or optionally deactivated in the optional third degassing vessel (V3). The cross-sectional area (S2) of the second degassing vessel is greater than 1.5 times the cross-sectional area (S1) of the first degassing vessel [S2>1.5×S1], and vessels V1 and V2 are equipped with a vent recovery unit (VR) for respectively recovering the light (co-)monomer(s) (VR1) and the heavy comonomer(s) (VR2) from the gases exiting the vessels.

The method includes preparing a liquid supply pipe in which the solution to be inspected, air, and oil are disposed in this order, and installing the liquid supply pipe above the substrate at an angle such that the solution to be inspected is positioned on a lowermost side and the solution to be inspected, the air, and the oil flow onto a front surface of the substrate by gravity. A cross-sectional area of the liquid supply pipe is designed such that the air continues to be present between the solution to be inspected and the oil while the solution to be inspected, the air, and the oil are flowing through the liquid supply pipe, and after the solution to be inspected is supplied to the spot, the solution to be inspected present on the front surface of the substrate is replaced with the air, and then the liquid supply progresses.

A motor vehicle cooling fluid flow pipe, such as an engine cooling fluid pipe, characterized in that the wall of the pipe is constituted by a single layer made of a polymer material comprising a mixture of at least two polymer materials of different natures, one of which, referred to as a first material, being a polyolefin, and the other of which, referred to as a second material, being a thermoplastic polymer elastomer (TPE). The method of manufacturing this pipe comprises an operation of mixing at least the polyolefin and the thermoplastic polymer elastomer (TPE), a step of extruding said mixture in a screw extruder followed by a step of forming the pipe, the operation of mixing the polyolefin and the thermoplastic polymer elastomer (TPE) being performed upstream from the extruder or at its inlet.

A motor vehicle cooling fluid flow pipe, such as an engine cooling fluid pipe, characterized in that the wall of the pipe is constituted by a single layer made of a polymer material comprising a mixture of at least two polymer materials of different natures, one of which, referred to as a first material, being a polyolefin, and the other of which, referred to as a second material, being a thermoplastic polymer elastomer (TPE). The method of manufacturing this pipe comprises an operation of mixing at least the polyolefin and the thermoplastic polymer elastomer (TPE), a step of extruding said mixture in a screw extruder followed by a step of forming the pipe, the operation of mixing the polyolefin and the thermoplastic polymer elastomer (TPE) being performed upstream from the extruder or at its inlet.

Provided are: a phosphate amine salt composition which can be used as a flame retardant that is capable of imparting excellent flame retardancy and weather resistance to synthetic resins without a risk of corroding a processing machine; a phosphate amine salt flame retardant composition; a flame-retardant synthetic resin composition containing the same; and a molded article thereof. The phosphate amine salt composition contains at least one phosphate amine salt, and the ammonium cation content therein is 100 to 2,000 ppm by mass. An amine in the phosphate amine salt composition is preferably melamine or piperazine.

A device for a medical or cosmetic treatment based on heat is provided. The device includes an impermeable backing layer and an adhesive layer in contact with the backing layer. The device also includes an alkali metal selected from a single, free alkali metal and an alloy alkali metals, the alkali metal in contact with at least a portion of the adhesive layer to define a treatment region. The device also includes a release liner in contact with the adhesive layer and the treatment region. A heat delivery system or kit including the device and a method for its use are also provided.

The present invention is: a curable composition for forming a primer layer of a gas barrier laminated film, comprising at least a polar group-containing polyolefin polymer and a polyfunctional acrylate compound; a gas barrier laminated film having a primer layer made of a cured product of the curable composition; and a gas barrier laminate including an organic compound-containing layer laminated on the surface of the gas barrier laminated film. The present invention provides: a curable composition that is for forming a primer layer suitably used in manufacturing a gas barrier laminate excellent in interlayer adhesion, a gas barrier laminated film having a primer layer made of the cured product of the curable composition, and a gas barrier laminate comprising an organic compound-containing layer laminated on the surface of the gas barrier laminated film.