A stable 2,2′-bibenzo[d]imidazolidene compound is provided. The 2,2′-bibenzo[d]imidazolidene compound is expressed by the following General Formula (1). In General Formula (1), Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.8 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring. R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

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The present invention relates to fluorescent dyes in general. The present invention provides a wide range of fluorescent dyes and kits containing the same, which are applicable for labeling a variety of biomolecules, cells and microorganisms. The present invention also provides various methods of using the fluorescent dyes for research and development, forensic identification, environmental studies, diagnosis, prognosis, and/or treatment of disease conditions.

A lithographic printing plate precursor is disclosed including a support and a coating comprising a photopolymerisable layer including a polymerisable compound, a photoinitiator, and an infrared absorbing compound including a long chain linear or branched alkyl group.

Provided are dyes and compositions which are useful in a number of applications, such as the detection and monitoring protein aggregation, kinetic studies of protein aggregation, neurofibrillary plaques analysis, evaluation of protein formulation stability, and analysis of molecular chaperone activity.

An organic dye corresponding to one of the following structures (I) or (II): eD-pi-conjugated chromophore-L-A (I), or A-L-pi-conjugated chromophore-eD (II), where eD represents an electron donor segment, L represents a covalent bond or a spacer segment and in particular a pi-conjugated spacer segment, A represents an electron acceptor segment capable of forming a covalent bond with a semiconductor, in which the pi-conjugated chromophore comprises at least one unit of formula (III): ##STR00001##
in which the radicals R1 and R2, which are identical or different, represent an optionally substituted aryl group; the radicals R3 to R8, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen, an optionally substituted alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group; and X1 and X2, which are identical or different, are chosen from S, Se and O.

An organic dye for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) comprising at least one electron-acceptor unit and at least one -conjugated unit is described. Said organic dye is particularly useful in a dye-sensitized photoelectric transformation element which, in its turn, can be used in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).

A stable 2,2-bibenzo[d]imidazolidene compound is provided. The 2,2-bibenzo[d]imidazolidene compound is expressed by the following General Formula (1). In General Formula (1), Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.8 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring. R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. ##STR00001##

An organic dye corresponding to one of the following structures (I) or (II): eD-pi-conjugated chromophore-L-A (I), or A-L-pi-conjugated chromophore-eD (II), where eD represents an electron donor segment, L represents a covalent bond or a spacer segment and in particular a pi-conjugated spacer segment, A represents an electron acceptor segment capable of forming a covalent bond with a semiconductor, in which the pi-conjugated chromophore comprises at least one unit of formula (III):

##STR00001##

in which the radicals R1 and R2, which are identical or different, represent an optionally substituted aryl group; the radicals R3 to R8, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen, an optionally substituted alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group; and X1 and X2, which are identical or different, are chosen from S, Se and O.

A method is provided for obtaining a characteristic of a homeopathic preparation, particularly its potency. In particular aspects, solvatochromic dyes may be used for detection of a homeopathic preparation.

Provided are dyes and compositions which are useful in a number of applications, such as the detection and monitoring protein aggregation, kinetic studies of protein aggregation, neurofibrillary plaques analysis, evaluation of protein formulation stability, and analysis of molecular chaperone activity.