The present disclosure provides a continuous process for the synthesis coupled compounds of diazonium salts including azo dyes involving in-situ generation of diazonium salts. It further discloses a set up to carry out the process for the synthesis of coupled compounds of diazonium salts.

The invention relates to a process of creating particles of controlled size by creating them in the interstitial regions in a continuous liquid phase that contains a second, inert gas phase at high volume fraction; namely a foam. The second phase creates a physical barrier that limits the aggregation of formed particles beyond the size of the narrow interstitial regions occupied by the continuous phase. This technique is useful when the particles normally create large aggregates due to the fast nature of the reaction and the strong attractions between the formed particles, and for enhancing the deposition of high-value materials by connecting them to coacervates of controlled size.

The disclosure herein provides, in example embodiments, methods and systems for labeling biomolecules with CuAAC using a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC)-accelerating ligand.