Provided is a dispersion liquid for sealing a light-emitting element containing metal oxide particles having a refractive index of 1.7 or higher and a surface-modifying material at least partially attached to the metal oxide particles, in which a particle diameter D50 of the metal oxide particles when a cumulative percentage of a scattering intensity distribution obtained by a dynamic light scattering method is 50% is 30 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and a content of the surface-modifying material not attached to the metal oxide particles is 60% by mass or less with respect to a total content of the metal oxide particles and the surface-modifying material.

An iron oxide powder includes a porous structure having the diameter of from 0.3 μm to 2 μm, wherein the iron oxide powder has an aluminum content of from 10 mol % to 80 mol %.

A method for producing an iron pigment and hydrochloric acid with reduced or substantially eliminated waste streams includes: providing an iron chloride solution, wherein the iron chloride solution includes one or both of iron (II) chloride and iron (III) chloride; neutralizing the iron chloride solution with one or both of ammonia and ammonium hydroxide to form a slurry of an iron oxide solid component and an ammonium chloride solution; separating the iron oxide solid component from the ammonium chloride solution; drying the iron oxide solid component to form an iron pigment or pigment intermediate; reacting the ammonium chloride solution with an alkaline-earth metal solid to form an alkaline-earth metal chloride solution and to evolve ammonia as a vapor, wherein at least a portion of the evolved ammonia reacts with water to form ammonium hydroxide; recycling one or both of the evolved ammonia and the formed ammonium chloride for use in connection with the neutralization step; and pyrohydrolyzing the alkaline-earth metal chloride solution to form hydrochloric acid and to regenerate the alkaline-earth metal solid. Iron pigment or pigment intermediate produced in accordance with the method may have a yellow, red, or black color.

The present invention relates to a composite and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the composite includes a base powder, an adhesive disposed on the surface of the base powder, and functional particles disposed on the adhesive, wherein the adhesive includes at least one of a fatty primary monoamide and a fatty secondary monoamide.

The present invention relates to a composite and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the composite includes a base powder, an adhesive disposed on the surface of the base powder, and functional particles disposed on the adhesive, wherein the adhesive includes at least one of a fatty primary monoamide and a fatty secondary monoamide.

A dispersion liquid contains a metal oxide particle surface-modified with a silane compound and a silicone compound, when a transmission spectrum of the metal oxide particles that are obtained by vacuum-drying the dispersion liquid is measured in a wavenumber range of 800 cm.sup.−1 or more and 3800 cm.sup.−1 or less with FT-IR, IA/IB≤3.5 is satisfied (IA is a spectrum value at 3,500 cm.sup.−1 and IB is a spectrum value at 1,100 cm.sup.−1), and, when the dispersion liquid and methyl phenyl silicone are mixed such that a mass ratio of a total mass of the metal oxide particles and the surface-modifying material to a mass of methyl phenyl silicone becomes 30:70 and the hydrophobic solvent is removed, a viscosity is 9 Pa.Math.s or less.

Porous metal oxide microspheres are prepared via a process comprising forming a liquid solution or dispersion of polydisperse polymer nanoparticles and a metal oxide; forming liquid droplets from the solution or dispersion; drying the liquid droplets to provide polymer template microspheres comprising polymer nanospheres and metal oxide; and removing the polymer nanospheres from the template microspheres to provide the porous metal oxide microspheres. The porous microspheres exhibit saturated colors and are suitable as colorants for a variety of end-uses.

A method for making crown ether functionalized substrates, which includes modifying crown ether-based molecules by reacting with carboxylic acid functionalize chains. The crown ether-based molecules are then attached to substrates, thereby forming crown ether functionalized substrates.

A method for making crown ether functionalized substrates, which includes modifying crown ether-based molecules by reacting with carboxylic acid functionalize chains. The crown ether-based molecules are then attached to substrates, thereby forming crown ether functionalized substrates.

A process for preparing a composite containing submicron sized particles of metal oxide pigment and a natural-based organic compound is disclosed. The process includes a step of grinding a metal oxide pigment and a oligomeric and/or polymeric carbohydrate together by means of a ball mill, to obtain a pigment composite containing particles having a submicron granulometry and an outer surface partially or completely covered by the oligomeric and/or polymeric carbohydrate. A pigment composite including pigment particles having a mean hydrodynamic diameter smaller than 1 μm is also disclosed.