An ink jet recording method includes a treatment liquid attachment step, in which a treatment liquid is attached to a recording medium, and an ink attachment step, in which a water-based ink composition is attached to the recording medium. An ink jet recording apparatus includes a recording medium support and a heating mechanism that heats the recording medium support. The ink attachment step is carried out with the recording medium supported and heated by the recording medium support. In the ink attachment step, the recording medium is heated so that a surface thereof reaches a maximum temperature of 28.0° C. or more and 45.0° C. or less. The ratio between absorbances A and B (A/B) is 0.5 or more and 0.95 or less, where absorbance A is that of a 0.1% by mass mixture of the water-based ink composition in the treatment liquid, and absorbance B is that of a 0.1% by mass mixture of the water-based ink composition in purified water. The recording medium support has a flat support surface for supporting the recording medium.

An ink jet recording method includes a treatment liquid attachment step, in which a treatment liquid is attached to a recording medium, and an ink attachment step, in which a water-based ink composition is attached to the recording medium. An ink jet recording apparatus includes a recording medium support and a heating mechanism that heats the recording medium support. The ink attachment step is carried out with the recording medium supported and heated by the recording medium support. In the ink attachment step, the recording medium is heated so that a surface thereof reaches a maximum temperature of 28.0° C. or more and 45.0° C. or less. The ratio between absorbances A and B (A/B) is 0.5 or more and 0.95 or less, where absorbance A is that of a 0.1% by mass mixture of the water-based ink composition in the treatment liquid, and absorbance B is that of a 0.1% by mass mixture of the water-based ink composition in purified water. The recording medium support has a flat support surface for supporting the recording medium.

There is disclosed an ink composition for three dimensional (3D) printing. The ink composition comprises: a liquid dispersion of tungsten carbide (WC) particles and cobalt (Co) particles, and, a carrier vehicle for the dispersion of tungsten carbide particles and the dispersion of cobalt particles. The ink composition is of a viscosity usable with ink jet print heads for 3D printing.

There is disclosed an ink composition for three dimensional (3D) printing. The ink composition comprises: a liquid dispersion of tungsten carbide (WC) particles and cobalt (Co) particles, and, a carrier vehicle for the dispersion of tungsten carbide particles and the dispersion of cobalt particles. The ink composition is of a viscosity usable with ink jet print heads for 3D printing.

The present application is drawn to infrared reflective ink formulations, infrared reflective dried coatings prepared from such inks, and IR-reflective substrates and adhesive tapes prepared from such inks and coatings. The inks are suitable for printing by gravure or flexo methods onto polymeric substrates such as PET, paper, or other substrate materials. The coatings are reflective in the near-infrared range. The coatings and tapes are well suited for use in manufacturing methods. The coatings and/or the tapes are ultrathin, on the order of a few micrometers, making them attractive for use in different industrial applications.

A dye ink composition includes: a compound A represented by the general formula (I-1-1) or (I-1-2) as defined herein; a compound B represented by the general formula (1-2-1) or (I-2-2) as defined herein; at least one of a compound C-I represented by the general formula (I-3-1-1) or (I-3-1-2) as defined herein or a compound C-II represented by the general formula (I-3-2-1) or (I-3-2-2) as defined herein; a compound D represented by the general formula (I-4-1) or (I-4-2) as defined herein; and water, in which, as defined herein, a ratio of W.sub.1 to W.sub.A1 is 6.0% to 35.0% by mass, a ratio of W.sub.2 to W.sub.A1 is 20.0% to 45.0% by mass, a ratio of W.sub.3 to W.sub.A1 is 15.0% to 45.0% by mass, and a ratio of W.sub.4 to W.sub.A1 is 1.0% to 30.0% by mass.

A dye ink composition includes: a compound A represented by the general formula (I-1-1) or (I-1-2) as defined herein; a compound B represented by the general formula (1-2-1) or (I-2-2) as defined herein; at least one of a compound C-I represented by the general formula (I-3-1-1) or (I-3-1-2) as defined herein or a compound C-II represented by the general formula (I-3-2-1) or (I-3-2-2) as defined herein; a compound D represented by the general formula (I-4-1) or (I-4-2) as defined herein; and water, in which, as defined herein, a ratio of W.sub.1 to W.sub.A1 is 6.0% to 35.0% by mass, a ratio of W.sub.2 to W.sub.A1 is 20.0% to 45.0% by mass, a ratio of W.sub.3 to W.sub.A1 is 15.0% to 45.0% by mass, and a ratio of W.sub.4 to W.sub.A1 is 1.0% to 30.0% by mass.

A pretreatment liquid for an impermeable base material includes an anionic resin, and an aqueous medium, in which the anionic resin has a Clog P value of 1.40 or greater, and a content of a structural unit derived from an alkyl (meth)acrylate containing a chain alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms in the anionic resin is less than 5% by mass with respect to a total mass of the anionic resin.

A pretreatment liquid for an impermeable base material includes an anionic resin, and an aqueous medium, in which the anionic resin has a Clog P value of 1.40 or greater, and a content of a structural unit derived from an alkyl (meth)acrylate containing a chain alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms in the anionic resin is less than 5% by mass with respect to a total mass of the anionic resin.

An ink composition for a light-emitting device includes a phosphine oxide-based charge transporting organic material, a first solvent represented by Formula 1, a second solvent represented by Formula 2, and a third solvent that is polar aprotic. A light-emitting device includes a layer prepared with the in composition. An electronic apparatus includes the light-emitting device:

HOR.sub.1(O).sub.mR.sub.2OH  [Formula 1]

R.sub.11OR.sub.12  [Formula 2]