A method for fabricating a collagen bio-ink includes steps as follows. A first component is provided, wherein the first component is to fill a collagen powder to a first syringe. A second component is provided, wherein the second component is to fill a neutral solution or an acid solution to a second syringe. A mixing step is performed, wherein the first syringe is connected to the second syringe with a Lure lock connector and pushing back and forth to mix the first component and the second component to form a hydrogel and become a collagen bio-ink.

A method for fabricating a collagen bio-ink includes steps as follows. A first component is provided, wherein the first component is to fill a collagen powder to a first syringe. A second component is provided, wherein the second component is to fill a neutral solution or an acid solution to a second syringe. A mixing step is performed, wherein the first syringe is connected to the second syringe with a Lure lock connector and pushing back and forth to mix the first component and the second component to form a hydrogel and become a collagen bio-ink.

Rheology modifiers comprising cross-linked poly(amino acid) and methods of their use in aqueous compositions. The modifiers comprise cross-linked poly(amino acid) microparticles having a mean equivalent diameter when fully swollen in deionized water of up to 1000 μm, as measured by laser diffraction. In particular, the poly(amino acid) is D-, L- or D,L-Y-poly(glutamic acid). A method of preparing the modifier comprises cross-linking a poly(amino acid), drying the cross-linked poly(amino acid) and grinding the cross-linked poly(amino acid) to have the required diameter.

Rheology modifiers comprising cross-linked poly(amino acid) and methods of their use in aqueous compositions. The modifiers comprise cross-linked poly(amino acid) microparticles having a mean equivalent diameter when fully swollen in deionized water of up to 1000 μm, as measured by laser diffraction. In particular, the poly(amino acid) is D-, L- or D,L-Y-poly(glutamic acid). A method of preparing the modifier comprises cross-linking a poly(amino acid), drying the cross-linked poly(amino acid) and grinding the cross-linked poly(amino acid) to have the required diameter.

The present invention relates to a method of forming an image on a substrate comprising a transparent or translucent composition applied thereto, wherein the transparent or translucent composition comprises a protein in a non-denatured state, and the method comprises applying radiation to the transparent or translucent composition to denature the protein and thereby form an image on the substrate. The invention also relates to a method of preparing a substrate on which an image can be formed, and related substrates, compositions and uses thereof.

The present invention relates to a method of forming an image on a substrate comprising a transparent or translucent composition applied thereto, wherein the transparent or translucent composition comprises a protein in a non-denatured state, and the method comprises applying radiation to the transparent or translucent composition to denature the protein and thereby form an image on the substrate. The invention also relates to a method of preparing a substrate on which an image can be formed, and related substrates, compositions and uses thereof.

This document describes a process of producing gel microparticles, which are consistent in size and morphology. Through the process of coacervation, large volumes of gel microparticle slurry can be produced by scaling up reactor vessel size. Particles can be repeatedly dehydrated and rehydrated in accordance to their environment, allowing for the storage of particles in a non-solvent such as ethanol. Gel slurries exhibit a Bingham plastic behavior in which the slurry behaves as a solid at shear stresses that are below a critical value. Upon reaching the critical shear stress, the slurry undergoes a rapid decrease in viscosity and behaves as a liquid. The rheological behavior of these slurries can be adjusted by changing the compaction processes such as centrifugation force to alter the yield-stress. The narrower distribution and reduced size of these particles allows for an increase in FRESH printing fidelity.

This document describes a process of producing gel microparticles, which are consistent in size and morphology. Through the process of coacervation, large volumes of gel microparticle slurry can be produced by scaling up reactor vessel size. Particles can be repeatedly dehydrated and rehydrated in accordance to their environment, allowing for the storage of particles in a non-solvent such as ethanol. Gel slurries exhibit a Bingham plastic behavior in which the slurry behaves as a solid at shear stresses that are below a critical value. Upon reaching the critical shear stress, the slurry undergoes a rapid decrease in viscosity and behaves as a liquid. The rheological behavior of these slurries can be adjusted by changing the compaction processes such as centrifugation force to alter the yield-stress. The narrower distribution and reduced size of these particles allows for an increase in FRESH printing fidelity.

The present invention provides compositions, such as varnishes, ink vehicles, and finished inks, having high bio-renewable carbon (BRC) content. The compositions comprise protein and colophony.

The present invention provides compositions, such as varnishes, ink vehicles, and finished inks, having high bio-renewable carbon (BRC) content. The compositions comprise protein and colophony.