The present disclosure relates to the technical field of microbial electrochemical technology, in particular to a graphene-magnetite conductive skeleton electrode, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for treating petrochemical wastewater. In the present disclosure, the surface roughness of the graphite rod electrode can be increased by the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of the graphite rod electrode, which is beneficial to the enrichment of microorganisms. The increase in the load of microorganisms will mean the amount of electroactive microorganisms will also increase, which will further improve the electron transfer ability, and because the material of the modified layer is a conductive material, it is also more conducive to the transfer of electrons; at the same time, the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of graphite rod electrode can also further enhance the transmission distance of electrons because of the skeleton constructed.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of microbial electrochemical technology, in particular to a graphene-magnetite conductive skeleton electrode, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for treating petrochemical wastewater. In the present disclosure, the surface roughness of the graphite rod electrode can be increased by the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of the graphite rod electrode, which is beneficial to the enrichment of microorganisms. The increase in the load of microorganisms will mean the amount of electroactive microorganisms will also increase, which will further improve the electron transfer ability, and because the material of the modified layer is a conductive material, it is also more conducive to the transfer of electrons; at the same time, the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of graphite rod electrode can also further enhance the transmission distance of electrons because of the skeleton constructed.

A copolymer including fluorinated units of formula (I):

—CX.sub.1X.sub.2—CX.sub.3X.sub.4—  (I)

in which each of the X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups including from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or totally fluorinated; and fluorinated units of formula (II):

—CX.sub.5X.sub.6—CX.sub.7Z—  (II)

in which each of the X.sub.5, X.sub.6 and X.sub.7 is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups including from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or totally fluorinated, and in which Z is a photoactive group of formula —Y—Ar—R, Y representing an oxygen atom or an NH group or a sulfur atom, Ar representing an aryl group, and R being a monodentate or bidentate group including from 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Also, a process for preparing this copolymer, a composition including this copolymer, and a film obtained from this copolymer.

The invention provides a composition that can provide a film exhibiting excellent adhesion to a substrate and having excellent non-stickiness. The composition contains a fluororesin, a heat-resistant resin, water, and a solvent having a boiling point of 205° C. or higher.

The invention provides a composition that can provide a film exhibiting excellent adhesion to a substrate and having excellent non-stickiness. The composition contains a fluororesin, a heat-resistant resin, water, and a solvent having a boiling point of 205° C. or higher.

Described herein is method of functionalizing fluorinated polymers, wherein a reaction compound is grafted onto a fluorinated polymer, wherein the fluorinated polymer comprises at least one Br, I, and Cl group and is free of —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2— linkages. In one embodiment, the functionalized fluorinated polymer comprises a perfluorinated polymer backbone with pendent groups therefrom is disclosed, wherein at least one pendent group is according to formula I: where Rf is a bond, or a divalent perfluorinated group, optionally comprising at least one in-chain ether linkage; Z is I, Br, or Cl; and X comprises a functional group selected from the group consisting of an alcohol; phosphorous acid and salts thereof; phosphoric acid and salts thereof; a silane; an amine; an amide; a hydrocarbon, optionally comprising an in-chain oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur linkage; a carboxylic acid and salts thereof; an ester; a sulfonyl fluoride, a sulfonic acid and salts thereof; and combinations thereof. Such functionalized fluorinated polymers may be used in coating compositions.

##STR00001##

A fluorinated polymer suitable for deposition is provided. A film containing such a fluorinated polymer as a material is provided. A method for producing a film, by which such a film can readily be produced, is provided. Further, an organic photoelectronic element having such a film in its structure is provided.

A fluorinated polymer which satisfies the following requirements (1) to (3): (1) the melting point is 200° C. or higher, (2) the thermogravimetric loss rate when the temperature is increased at a temperature-increasing rate of 2° C./min under a pressure of 1×10.sup.−3 Pa, substantially reaches 100% at 400° C. or lower, (3) when the temperature is increased at a temperature-increasing rate of 2° C./min under a pressure of 1×10.sup.−3 Pa, the temperature width from a temperature at which the thermogravimetric loss rate is 10% to a temperature at which it is 90%, is within 100° C.

A fluorinated polymer suitable for deposition and capable of favorable metal patterning, is provided. A resin film containing such a fluorinated polymer as a material is provided. Further, a photoelectronic element having such a resin film in its structure is provided.

A fluorinated polymer which satisfies the following requirements (1) to (3): (1) the melting point is less than 200° C., or no melting point is observed, (2) the thermogravimetric loss rate when the temperature is increased at a temperature-increasing rate of 2° C./min under a pressure of 1×10.sup.−3 Pa, substantially reaches 100% at 400° C. or lower, (3) when the temperature is increased at a temperature-increasing rate of 2° C./min under a pressure of 1×10.sup.−3 Pa, the temperature width from a temperature at which the thermogravimetric loss rate is 10% to a temperature at which it is 90%, is within 200° C.

Described herein is method of adding a non-fluorinated carbon-carbon double bond to a highly fluorinated polymer via an amidine linkage. In one embodiment, the derivatized fluorinated polymer comprising a highly fluorinated polymer backbone with pendent groups therefrom is disclosed, wherein at least one pendent group is according to the formula: (I) where Rf is a bond or a divalent perfluorinated group, optionally comprising at least one in-chain ether linkage, R is H, an alkyl group, or —CH(R″)X; R′ is H or an alkyl group; X is a monovalent group comprising at least one non-fluorinated carbon-carbon double bond; and R″ is H or an alkyl group. Such derivatized fluorinated polymers may be used in curable compositions and articles therefrom.

##STR00001##

Described herein is method of adding a non-fluorinated carbon-carbon double bond to a highly fluorinated polymer via an amidine linkage. In one embodiment, the derivatized fluorinated polymer comprising a highly fluorinated polymer backbone with pendent groups therefrom is disclosed, wherein at least one pendent group is according to the formula: (I) where Rf is a bond or a divalent perfluorinated group, optionally comprising at least one in-chain ether linkage, R is H, an alkyl group, or —CH(R″)X; R′ is H or an alkyl group; X is a monovalent group comprising at least one non-fluorinated carbon-carbon double bond; and R″ is H or an alkyl group. Such derivatized fluorinated polymers may be used in curable compositions and articles therefrom.

##STR00001##