A pattern forming method includes: applying an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation- sensitive resin composition onto a substrate to form a resist film; forming an upper layer film on the resist film, using a composition for forming an upper layer film; exposing the resist film having the upper layer film formed thereon; and developing the exposed resist film using a developer including an organic solvent to form a pattern. The composition for forming an upper layer film contains a resin having a repeating unit (a) with a ClogP value of 2.85 or more and a compound (b) with a ClogP of 1.30 or less, and the receding contact angle of the upper layer film with water is 70 degrees or more, a resist pattern formed by the pattern forming method, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device, including the pattern forming method.

A pattern forming method includes: applying an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation- sensitive resin composition onto a substrate to form a resist film; forming an upper layer film on the resist film, using a composition for forming an upper layer film; exposing the resist film having the upper layer film formed thereon; and developing the exposed resist film using a developer including an organic solvent to form a pattern. The composition for forming an upper layer film contains a resin having a repeating unit (a) with a ClogP value of 2.85 or more and a compound (b) with a ClogP of 1.30 or less, and the receding contact angle of the upper layer film with water is 70 degrees or more, a resist pattern formed by the pattern forming method, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device, including the pattern forming method.

The invention provides a composition for forming a coating film containing a phosphoric acid group-containing polymer capable of forming a film on a substrate by a simple process and capable of maintaining film properties under a solvent environment containing water, and a coating film which is a cured product of the composition. In particular, the composition for forming a coating film contains (a) a polymer (P) containing a hydroxyl group, and the hydroxyl group is derived only from a phosphoric acid group, (b) a polycarbodiimide (C) containing a structure represented by the following formula (c-1):

—N═C═N—  (c-1),

and (c) a solvent.

The invention provides a composition for forming a coating film containing a phosphoric acid group-containing polymer capable of forming a film on a substrate by a simple process and capable of maintaining film properties under a solvent environment containing water, and a coating film which is a cured product of the composition. In particular, the composition for forming a coating film contains (a) a polymer (P) containing a hydroxyl group, and the hydroxyl group is derived only from a phosphoric acid group, (b) a polycarbodiimide (C) containing a structure represented by the following formula (c-1):

—N═C═N—  (c-1),

and (c) a solvent.

The present application relates to a UV-LED curable coating composition, including: (a) at least one amine-modified polyether acrylate; (b) at least one (meth)acrylate polymer different from (a); (c) at least one multifunctional thiol compound; and (d) at least one acylphosphine oxide as a photoinitiator. In addition, the present application further relates to an article including a substrate partially or fully coated with the UV-LED curable coating composition.

The present application relates to a UV-LED curable coating composition, including: (a) at least one amine-modified polyether acrylate; (b) at least one (meth)acrylate polymer different from (a); (c) at least one multifunctional thiol compound; and (d) at least one acylphosphine oxide as a photoinitiator. In addition, the present application further relates to an article including a substrate partially or fully coated with the UV-LED curable coating composition.

[Problem] To obtain a thermosetting resin composition that has curing performance at a lower temperature and uses transesterification capable of also suitably coping with conversion into an aqueous form as a curing reaction.

[Solution] A thermosetting resin composition containing a resin component (A), which includes a structure (a) represented by the following general formula (1) and a hydroxy group (b), and a transesterification catalyst (B).

##STR00001##

n=0 to 20

R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having 50 or less carbon atoms.

R.sub.3 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms.

[Problem] To obtain a thermosetting resin composition that has curing performance at a lower temperature and uses transesterification capable of also suitably coping with conversion into an aqueous form as a curing reaction.

[Solution] A thermosetting resin composition containing a resin component (A), which includes a structure (a) represented by the following general formula (1) and a hydroxy group (b), and a transesterification catalyst (B).

##STR00001##

n=0 to 20

R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having 50 or less carbon atoms.

R.sub.3 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms.

The present invention is directed to coated articles demonstrating a transmission of electromagnetic radiation having a frequency of 22 to 81 GHz in the range of 70% to 100%. The articles comprise substrates coated with curable film-forming compositions comprising a first film-forming polymer prepared from at least one hydrophobic monomer, a second film-forming polymer prepared from at least one hydrophobic monomer, and a curing agent. Upon application of the curable film-forming composition to the substrate to form a coating layer, the first film-forming polymer is distributed throughout the coating layer, and the concentration of the second film-forming polymer is greater at the surface of the coating layer than the concentration of the second film-forming polymer within the bulk of the coating layer. The present invention is also drawn to methods of mitigating contaminant build-up on a substrate using the curable film-forming compositions described above.

The present invention is directed to coated articles demonstrating a transmission of electromagnetic radiation having a frequency of 22 to 81 GHz in the range of 70% to 100%. The articles comprise substrates coated with curable film-forming compositions comprising a first film-forming polymer prepared from at least one hydrophobic monomer, a second film-forming polymer prepared from at least one hydrophobic monomer, and a curing agent. Upon application of the curable film-forming composition to the substrate to form a coating layer, the first film-forming polymer is distributed throughout the coating layer, and the concentration of the second film-forming polymer is greater at the surface of the coating layer than the concentration of the second film-forming polymer within the bulk of the coating layer. The present invention is also drawn to methods of mitigating contaminant build-up on a substrate using the curable film-forming compositions described above.