A crosslinking composition includes a compound having at least two functional groups that are each independently represented by Chemical Structure (I): ##STR00001##
X is an oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen; R.sup.1 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each independently an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or a hydrogen; R.sup.5 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or a hydrogen; z is 0 when X is oxygen or sulfur and z is 1 when X is nitrogen; and when a double bond is formed between a carbon atom bonded to R.sup.3 and an adjacent nitrogen, m is 0, and when a single bond is formed between the carbon atom bonded to R.sup.3 and the adjacent nitrogen, m is 1.

A crosslinking composition includes a compound having at least two functional groups that are each independently represented by Chemical Structure (I): ##STR00001##
X is an oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen; R.sup.1 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each independently an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or a hydrogen; R.sup.5 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or a hydrogen; z is 0 when X is oxygen or sulfur and z is 1 when X is nitrogen; and when a double bond is formed between a carbon atom bonded to R.sup.3 and an adjacent nitrogen, m is 0, and when a single bond is formed between the carbon atom bonded to R.sup.3 and the adjacent nitrogen, m is 1.

Methods and systems for coating metal substrates are provided. The methods and systems include application of TGIC-based powder coatings that demonstrate superdurability without compromising flexibility.

A crosslinking composition includes a compound having at least two functional groups that are each independently represented by Chemical Structure (I):

##STR00001##

X is an oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen; R.sup.1 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each independently an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or a hydrogen; R.sup.5 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or a hydrogen; z is 0 when X is oxygen or sulfur and z is 1 when X is nitrogen; and when a double bond is formed between a carbon atom bonded to R.sup.3 and an adjacent nitrogen, m is 0, and when a single bond is formed between the carbon atom bonded to R.sup.3 and the adjacent nitrogen, m is 1.

A crosslinking composition includes a compound having at least two functional groups that are each independently represented by Chemical Structure (I):

##STR00001##

X is an oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen; R.sup.1 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each independently an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or a hydrogen; R.sup.5 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or a hydrogen; z is 0 when X is oxygen or sulfur and z is 1 when X is nitrogen; and when a double bond is formed between a carbon atom bonded to R.sup.3 and an adjacent nitrogen, m is 0, and when a single bond is formed between the carbon atom bonded to R.sup.3 and the adjacent nitrogen, m is 1.

A crosslinking composition includes a compound having at least two functional groups that are each independently represented by Chemical Structure (I): ##STR00001##
X is an oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen; R.sup.1 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each independently an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or a hydrogen; R.sup.5 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or a hydrogen; z is 0 when X is oxygen or sulfur and z is 1 when X is nitrogen; and when a double bond is formed between a carbon atom bonded to R.sup.3 and an adjacent nitrogen, m is 0, and when a single bond is formed between the carbon atom bonded to R.sup.3 and the adjacent nitrogen, m is 1.

A crosslinking composition includes a compound having at least two functional groups that are each independently represented by Chemical Structure (I): ##STR00001##
X is an oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen; R.sup.1 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each independently an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or a hydrogen; R.sup.5 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or a hydrogen; z is 0 when X is oxygen or sulfur and z is 1 when X is nitrogen; and when a double bond is formed between a carbon atom bonded to R.sup.3 and an adjacent nitrogen, m is 0, and when a single bond is formed between the carbon atom bonded to R.sup.3 and the adjacent nitrogen, m is 1.

A composition for forming protective films against aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions, including: a compound of the following formula (1a) or formula (1b) or a compound having a substituent of the following formula (2) and having a molecular weight of 300 or more and less than 800 or a weight-average molecular weight of 300 or more and less than 800; and a solvent, the composition containing the compound of the formula (1a) or formula (1b) of 0.1% by mass to 60% by mass or the compound having the substituent of the formula (2) of 10% by mass to 100% by mass, relative to solids excluding the solvent: ##STR00001##
(wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1-4 alkylene or alkenylene group or a direct bond, k is 0 or 1, m is an integer of 1 to 3, and n is an integer of 2 to 4.)

A composition for forming protective films against aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions, including: a compound of the following formula (1a) or formula (1b) or a compound having a substituent of the following formula (2) and having a molecular weight of 300 or more and less than 800 or a weight-average molecular weight of 300 or more and less than 800; and a solvent, the composition containing the compound of the formula (1a) or formula (1b) of 0.1% by mass to 60% by mass or the compound having the substituent of the formula (2) of 10% by mass to 100% by mass, relative to solids excluding the solvent: ##STR00001##
(wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1-4 alkylene or alkenylene group or a direct bond, k is 0 or 1, m is an integer of 1 to 3, and n is an integer of 2 to 4.)

A crosslinking composition includes a compound having at least two functional groups that are each independently represented by Chemical Structure (I):

##STR00001##

X is an oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen; R.sup.1 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each independently an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or a hydrogen; R.sup.5 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, or a hydrogen; z is 0 when X is oxygen or sulfur and z is 1 when X is nitrogen; and when a double bond is formed between a carbon atom bonded to R.sup.3 and an adjacent nitrogen, m is 0, and when a single bond is formed between the carbon atom bonded to R.sup.3 and the adjacent nitrogen, m is 1.