The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a structure that includes

##STR00001##

where R.sub.1 includes at least one of a carbon atom and/or an oxygen atom, R.sup.2 includes at least one of a carbon atom and/or an oxygen atom, and represents a covalent bond. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition may be bioderived.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a structure that includes

##STR00001##

where R.sub.1 includes at least one of a carbon atom and/or an oxygen atom, R.sup.2 includes at least one of a carbon atom and/or an oxygen atom, and represents a covalent bond. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition may be bioderived.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a structure that includes ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1 includes at least one of a carbon atom and/or an oxygen atom, R.sup.2 includes at least one of a carbon atom and/or an oxygen atom, and represents a covalent bond. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition may be bioderived.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a structure that includes ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1 includes at least one of a carbon atom and/or an oxygen atom, R.sup.2 includes at least one of a carbon atom and/or an oxygen atom, and represents a covalent bond. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition may be bioderived.

The invention relates to a powder coating composition for low temperature curing that can be used on temperature sensitive substrates and, despite of the low curing temperature, has excellent flow properties and forms a coating with excellent appearance and nevertheless also good mechanical and weathering properties. The invention also relates to an advantageous process for the manufacture of the powder coating composition. Said powder coating composition comprises a poly-acid functional polyester component A, a poly-epoxy functional component B, a poly-anhydride functional component C and a thermosetting curing catalyst D. The invention also relates to a polyester for use in the powder coating compositions according to the invention, in particular for durable powder coatings.

A paint composition intended for application to a metallic substrate, wherein the paint composition includes an amount of a copolymer emulsion formulation for improving the adhesion of the paint composition to the metallic substrate.

A paint composition intended for application to a metallic substrate, wherein the paint composition includes an amount of a copolymer emulsion formulation for improving the adhesion of the paint composition to the metallic substrate.

A pretreatment liquid for an oil-based ink contains one of a maleic anhydride resin derivative and an aluminum chelate compound.

A pretreatment liquid for an oil-based ink contains one of a maleic anhydride resin derivative and an aluminum chelate compound.

A pretreatment liquid for an oil-based ink contains one of a maleic anhydride resin derivative and an aluminum chelate compound.