A polyurethane resin composition includes a reaction product of an aliphatic polyisocyanate derivative having an average number of isocyanate groups of 2 or more; a long-chain active hydrogen compound including a hydrocarbon group having 12 or more and 30 or less carbon atoms and an active hydrogen group in combination; a cationic active hydrogen compound including an active hydrogen group and a cationic group in combination; and an acid compound capable of a salt with the cationic group. The concentration of the hydrocarbon group is 30% or more and 85% or less.

A water repellent composition includes a polyurethane resin compound, a non-fluorine water repellent compound, a surfactant, and a liquid medium. The polyurethane resin compound includes at least one kind selected from the group consisting of a first polyurethane resin compound, a second polyurethane resin compound, and a third polyurethane resin compound:

Disclosed are multifunctional coating compositions for surface coating substrates, for instance interior surfaces in aircraft. In embodiments, the coating compositions include a binder system, such as a resin or solvent, including from 10 to 15% by volume of the coating composition, a hydrophobic polymer including from 40 to 80% by volume of the coating composition, and montmorillonite clay particles comprising from 0.1 to 5% by volume of the coating composition, the montmorillonite clay particles having a particle diameter from 1 to 25 microns. In some embodiments, the coating composition includes an antimicrobial agent. Also disclosed are methods for surface coating a substrate with a multifunctional coating composition.

A method of forming a hydrophobic and oleophobic surface. The method including spin coating an F-POSS with 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2,-pentafluoropropane/1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane onto an inert surface. The F-POSS has a structure:

##STR00001##

Each R.sub.f represents a nonreactive, fluorinated organic group, R.sub.1 represents a first monovalent organic group comprising at least two carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or a second monovalent organic group comprising at least two carbon atoms. The F-POSS with 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2,-pentafluoropropane/1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane are then dried on the inert surface.

The present invention provides a method for producing an optical film excellent in anti-fouling properties and scratch resistance as well as anti-reflection properties. The method includes the steps of: (1) applying a lower layer resin and an upper layer resin; (2) forming a resin layer having the uneven structure on a surface thereof by pressing a mold against the lower layer resin and the upper layer resin from the upper layer resin side in the state where the applied lower layer resin and upper layer resin are stacked; and (3) curing the resin layer, the lower layer resin containing at least one kind of first monomer that contains no fluorine atoms, the upper layer resin containing a fluorine-containing monomer and at least one kind of second monomer that contains no fluorine atoms, at least one of the first monomer and the second monomer containing a compatible monomer that is compatible with the fluorine-containing monomer and being dissolved in the lower layer resin and the upper layer resin.

Provided are: a fluorine-containing ether compound, a fluorine-containing ether composition, and a coating liquid that are capable of forming a surface layer having excellent durability; and an article that has a surface layer having excellent durability. The present invention provides a fluorine-containing ether compound represented by formula (A1) or formula (A2) below.

R.sup.fO—(R.sup.f1O).sub.m—R.sup.1-L.sup.1-R.sup.2-Q.sup.1(-T).sub.n  formula (A1)

(T-).sub.nQ.sup.1-R.sup.2-L.sup.1-R.sup.1—O—(R.sup.f1O).sub.m—R.sup.1-L.sup.1-R.sup.2-Q.sup.1(-T).sub.n  formula (A2)

In the formulae, symbols are as defined in the description.

The invention relates to curable coating compositions containing at least one surface modifying amphiphilic additive; and at least one siloxane-polyurethane coating composition. The invention also relates to methods of making and using the curable coating compositions of the invention. The invention also relates to objects coated with the curable coating composition of the invention. The invention also relates to methods for reducing or preventing biofouling of a surface exposed to an aqueous environment comprising the steps of coating the surface with the curable coating composition of the invention to form a coated surface, and curing the coating composition on the coated surface. The invention also relates to a marine fouling-release coating containing the curable coating composition of the invention.

The present invention relates to antifouling compositions comprising compounds of formula IA and/or IB that are highly effective against marine biofouling of surfaces of ships and marine structures, their use for inhibiting marine biofouling, as well as antifouling paints comprising said compositions.

An object is to providing a coating composition for attaining excellent storage stability of a coating material, excellent stain resistance (a property of preventing stains from adhering or a property of removing stains) of a coating film, and excellent durability of stain resistance of the coating film, and excellent scratch resistance of the coating film, and having transparency, and protecting the appearance for a long period of time, as well as a method of forming the coating film of the same. As a solution, provided is a coating composition comprising a silyl group-containing acrylic resin (A), a silyl group-free acrylic resin containing hydroxyl group (B), a polyisocyanate compound (C), and a catalyst (D), wherein the silyl group-containing acrylic resin (A) includes at least one polydimethyl siloxane segment.

The invention relates to compositions and methods of treatment employing compositions comprising polyelectrolyte complexes. The compositions include a water-soluble first polyelectrolyte bearing a net cationic charge or capable of developing a net cationic charge and a water-soluble second polyelectrolyte bearing a net anionic charge or capable of developing a net anionic charge. The total polyelectrolyte concentration of the first solution is at least 110 millimolar. The composition is free of coacervates, precipitates, latex particles, synthetic block copolymers, silicone copolymers, cross-linked poly(acrylic) and cross-linked water-soluble polyelectrolyte. The composition may be a concentrate, to be diluted prior to use to treat a surface.