The present invention provides a floor coating composition comprising (A) and aqueous solvent; and (B) a chelating polymer which comprises units derived from one or more aminocarboxylate compounds or their salts, one or more other polymerizable monomers, one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers and, optionally, one or more crosslinking monomers. For example, the aminocarboxylate compounds or their salts may be one or more of iminodiacetic acid (IDA), iminodisuccinic acid (IDS), ethylenediamine triacetic acid (ED3A) and ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS), or their salts. Suitable polymerizable monomers may be one or more of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), allyl glycidyl ether (AGE), vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC), allyl bromide, and their derivatives.

A vehicle surface treatment composition includes a colloidal inorganic oxide dispersion or a soluble silicate amenable to application to both porous and semi-porous vehicle hard surfaces to provide a multi-surface protective barrier that imparts water repellency and weathering protection properties to the vehicle finish. The composition provides a hard surface cleaning and forms a coating to the applied surface. The compositions provide treated surface properties that include keeping clean, scratch/mar defense, bug repellency, UV protection, and weathering defense. The compositions create treated surfaces that are highly smooth and lubricious which provide enhanced protection, while achieving a high luster finish with a streak free appearance. The composition is readily applied through resort to a conventional trigger spray application, propellant aerosol, or a sponge or cloth for wipe application onto the vehicle surface.

A streakless car polish formulation can be applied easily, by the car owner or in a commercial setting, and does not leave any objectionable residue after application. The formulation involves a silicone emulsion and a fluorosurfactant carried in aqueous solution of alcohol and water, and may include a minor amount of sodium benzoate. The product increases the hydrophilicity of automotive painted or glass surfaces, so that water does not bead up.

A streakless car polish formulation can be applied easily, by the car owner or in a commercial setting, and does not leave any objectionable residue after application. The formulation involves a silicone emulsion and a fluorosurfactant carried in aqueous solution of alcohol and water, and may include a minor amount of sodium benzoate. The product increases the hydrophilicity of automotive painted or glass surfaces, so that water does not bead up.

Disclosed are a polyurethane for use in a polishing layer, and a polishing layer and a polishing pad using the same, the polyurethane including a terminal group represented by the following formula (I): R—(OX).sub.n— (I) wherein R represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a heteroatom or may be interrupted by a heteroatom, X represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 90 to 100% of the alkylene group being an ethylene group, and n represents a number from 8 to 120.

Disclosed are a polyurethane for use in a polishing layer, and a polishing layer and a polishing pad using the same, the polyurethane including a terminal group represented by the following formula (I): R—(OX).sub.n— (I) wherein R represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a heteroatom or may be interrupted by a heteroatom, X represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 90 to 100% of the alkylene group being an ethylene group, and n represents a number from 8 to 120.

Disclosed is a polyurethane for use in a polishing layer, including a carboxylic acid ester group, and a polyurethane preferably having a carboxylic acid ester group in at least one of a side chain, a main chain terminal, and a main chain skeleton is preferably used. Also disclosed is a method for modifying a polishing layer, including the steps of: preparing a polishing layer including a polyurethane having a carboxylic acid ester group; and hydrolyzing the carboxylic acid ester group of the polyurethane, to produce a carboxyl group.

Disclosed is a polyurethane for use in a polishing layer, including a carboxylic acid ester group, and a polyurethane preferably having a carboxylic acid ester group in at least one of a side chain, a main chain terminal, and a main chain skeleton is preferably used. Also disclosed is a method for modifying a polishing layer, including the steps of: preparing a polishing layer including a polyurethane having a carboxylic acid ester group; and hydrolyzing the carboxylic acid ester group of the polyurethane, to produce a carboxyl group.

Use of dry electrolytes to polish metal surfaces through ion transport. A conductive liquid of the dry electrolyte includes at least a sulfonic acid. According to one embodiment, the porous particles of the dry electrolyte include sulfonate polymer, such as, polystyrene divinylbenzene. According to one embodiment, the conductive liquid of the dry electrolyte includes methane-sulfonic acid. Preferably, the concentration of the sulfonic acid in relation to the solvent is ranging from 1 to 70%. Optionally, the conductive liquid of the dry electrolyte includes a complexing agent and/or a chelating agent.

Use of dry electrolytes to polish metal surfaces through ion transport. A conductive liquid of the dry electrolyte includes at least a sulfonic acid. According to one embodiment, the porous particles of the dry electrolyte include sulfonate polymer, such as, polystyrene divinylbenzene. According to one embodiment, the conductive liquid of the dry electrolyte includes methane-sulfonic acid. Preferably, the concentration of the sulfonic acid in relation to the solvent is ranging from 1 to 70%. Optionally, the conductive liquid of the dry electrolyte includes a complexing agent and/or a chelating agent.