A method of manufacturing an inorganic oxide particle having an inorganic oxide core and a hydroxyl group bonded to a surface thereof includes: preparing a first composition including an inorganic oxide core precursor and a proton supply compound; and heating the first composition. Additional embodiments provide a method of manufacturing an inorganic oxide layer including an inorganic oxide particle manufactured by the method, and a light-emitting device including an inorganic oxide layer manufactured by the method.

A composition may include a base or matrix material, such as a resin, and a first optical brightener. The first optical brightener may include an alkaline earth metal compound and a fluorescence activator. The composition may include less than or equal to about 1.5 wt % of a second optical brightener relative to the weight of the composition, wherein the second optical brightener does not include the fluorescence activator. A composition may include an aqueous base and an optical brightener. The optical brightener may include an alkaline earth metal carbonate and a fluorescence activator, wherein the optical brightener is configured to emit fluorescent light. A composition may include a first optical brightener. The first optical brightener may include an alkaline earth compound, such as an alkaline earth metal salt, and a fluorescence activator, wherein, for a given brightness of a product including the composition, the composition including the first optical brightener may include less of a second optical brightener different from the first optical brightener.

A composition may include a base or matrix material, such as a resin, and a first optical brightener. The first optical brightener may include an alkaline earth metal compound and a fluorescence activator. The composition may include less than or equal to about 1.5 wt % of a second optical brightener relative to the weight of the composition, wherein the second optical brightener does not include the fluorescence activator. A composition may include an aqueous base and an optical brightener. The optical brightener may include an alkaline earth metal carbonate and a fluorescence activator, wherein the optical brightener is configured to emit fluorescent light. A composition may include a first optical brightener. The first optical brightener may include an alkaline earth compound, such as an alkaline earth metal salt, and a fluorescence activator, wherein, for a given brightness of a product including the composition, the composition including the first optical brightener may include less of a second optical brightener different from the first optical brightener.

A light-emitting layer (3) in a light-emitting element includes: a quantum dot (31); a plurality of first ligands (32) each including a first functional group (34) and a positively charged portion (35); a plurality of second ligands (33) each including a second functional group (41) and a negatively charged portion (42); and an ionic liquid (34) in which the quantum dot (31) is dispersed.

A coating composition includes: (i) a film-forming resin; (ii) an infrared reflective pigment; and (iii) an infrared fluorescent pigment or dye different from the infrared reflective pigment. A multi-layer coating including the coating composition, and a substrate at least partially coated with the coating composition is also disclosed. A method of detecting an article at least partially coated with the coating composition is also disclosed.

A coating composition includes: (i) a film-forming resin; (ii) an infrared reflective pigment; and (iii) an infrared fluorescent pigment or dye different from the infrared reflective pigment. A multi-layer coating including the coating composition, and a substrate at least partially coated with the coating composition is also disclosed. A method of detecting an article at least partially coated with the coating composition is also disclosed.

Disclosed are quantum dots including a luminescent dopant. More particularly, each of the quantum dots according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a core and a shell surrounding the core, wherein at least one of an interior of the core and an interface between the core and the shell is doped with a luminescent group I dopant.

Disclosed are quantum dots including a luminescent dopant. More particularly, each of the quantum dots according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a core and a shell surrounding the core, wherein at least one of an interior of the core and an interface between the core and the shell is doped with a luminescent group I dopant.

An electroluminescent device includes a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from each other, and a light emitting layer including semiconductor nanoparticles. The semiconductor nanoparticles do not contain cadmium, the semiconductor nanoparticles include zinc, selenium, tellurium, and sulfur, the semiconductor nanoparticles have a core-shell structure including a core including a first semiconductor nanocrystal and a shell disposed on the core, the first semiconductor nanocrystals include a first zinc chalcogenide containing sulfur, in the semiconductor nanoparticles, a mole ratio of sulfur to tellurium is greater than or equal to about 0.5:1 and less than or equal to about 110:1, and the semiconductor nanoparticles are configured to emit light having a maximum emission peak wavelength of greater than or equal to about 440 nanometers (nm) and less than or equal to about 580 nm, and the semiconductor nanoparticles have a quantum yield of greater than or equal to about 40%.

An electroluminescent device includes a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from each other, and a light emitting layer including semiconductor nanoparticles. The semiconductor nanoparticles do not contain cadmium, the semiconductor nanoparticles include zinc, selenium, tellurium, and sulfur, the semiconductor nanoparticles have a core-shell structure including a core including a first semiconductor nanocrystal and a shell disposed on the core, the first semiconductor nanocrystals include a first zinc chalcogenide containing sulfur, in the semiconductor nanoparticles, a mole ratio of sulfur to tellurium is greater than or equal to about 0.5:1 and less than or equal to about 110:1, and the semiconductor nanoparticles are configured to emit light having a maximum emission peak wavelength of greater than or equal to about 440 nanometers (nm) and less than or equal to about 580 nm, and the semiconductor nanoparticles have a quantum yield of greater than or equal to about 40%.