A scintillation crystal can include a cesium halide that is co-doped with thallium and another element. In an embodiment, the scintillation crystal can include CsX:Tl, Me, where X represents a halogen, and Me represents a Group 5A element. In a particular embodiment, the scintillation crystal may have a cesium iodide host material, a first dopant including a thallium cation, and a second dopant including an antimony cation.

In accordance with the purpose(s) of the present disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein, the disclosure, in one aspect, relates to compound Bi-poor perovskite crystals, methods for making the same, and ionizing and other electromagnetic radiation detectors constructed using the Bi-poor perovskite crystals. The Bi-poor perovskite crystals can be synthesized using melt-based growth methods and solution-based growth methods and contain no toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, thallium, or mercury. Devices fabricated from the crystals maintain acceptable levels of performance over time. In some aspects, post-growth annealing can be used to improve the properties, including, but not limited to, room temperature resistivity and response to radiation.

A scintillation crystal can include a cesium halide that is co-doped with thallium and another element. In an embodiment, the scintillation crystal can include CsX:Tl, Me, where X represents a halogen, and Me represents a Group 5A element. In a particular embodiment, the scintillation crystal may have a cesium iodide host material, a first dopant including a thallium cation, and a second dopant including an antimony cation.

A semiconductor nanocrystal particle represented by Chemical Formula 1 and having a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than or equal to about 30 nanometers (nm) in the emission wavelength spectrum is provided:
A.sub.xA′.sub.(3+α−x)D.sub.(2+β)E.sub.(9+γ).  Chemical Formula 1
In Chemical Formula 1, A is a first metal including Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof, A′ is an organic substance derived from an ammonium salt, an organic material derived from an organic ligand, or an organic material including a combination thereof, D is a second metal including Sb, Bi, or a combination thereof E is Cl, Br, I, or a combination thereof, 1<x≤3, −1<α<1, 3+α−x>0, −1<β<1, and −1<γ<1.

A scintillation crystal can include a cesium halide that is co-doped with thallium and another element. In an embodiment, the scintillation crystal can include CsX:Tl, Me, where X represents a halogen, and Me represents a Group 5A element. In a particular embodiment, the scintillation crystal may have a cesium iodide host material, a first dopant including a thallium cation, and a second dopant including an antimony cation.

A scintillation crystal can include a cesium halide that is co-doped with thallium and another element. In an embodiment, the scintillation crystal can include CsX:Tl, Me, where X represents a halogen, and Me represents a Group 5A element. In a particular embodiment, the scintillation crystal may have a cesium iodide host material, a first dopant including a thallium cation, and a second dopant including an antimony cation.

A scintillation crystal can include a cesium halide that is co-doped with thallium and another element. In an embodiment, the scintillation crystal can include CsX:Tl, Me, where X represents a halogen, and Me represents a Group 5A element. In a particular embodiment, the scintillation crystal may have a cesium iodide host material, a first dopant including a thallium cation, and a second dopant including an antimony cation.

A semiconductor nanocrystal particle represented by Chemical Formula 1 and having a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than or equal to about 30 nanometers (nm) in the emission wavelength spectrum is provided:

A.sub.xA.sub.(3+x)D.sub.(2+)E.sub.(9+). Chemical Formula 1

In Chemical Formula 1, A is a first metal including Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof, A is an organic substance derived from an ammonium salt, an organic material derived from an organic ligand, or an organic material including a combination thereof, D is a second metal including Sb, Bi, or a combination thereof E is Cl, Br, I, or a combination thereof, 1<x3, 1<<1, 3+x>0, 1<<1, and 1<<1.

A luminescent solar concentrator having a glass or plastics matrix containing or covered with perovskites having luminescence from intra-gap states is provided.

The present invention relates to Mn.sup.4+-activated luminescent materials, to a process for the preparation thereof, and the use thereof as phosphors or conversion phosphors in light sources. The present invention furthermore relates to an emission-converting material comprising the luminescent material according to the invention, and to a light source which comprises the luminescent material according to the invention or the omission-converting material. The present invention furthermore relates to light sources, in particular LEDs, and lighting units which contain a primary light source and the luminescent material according to the invention or the emission-converting material. The Mn.sup.4+-activated luminescent materials according to the invention are suitable, in particular, for the generation of warm-white light in LEDs.