An optical material includes, in mol.%: 50-75% SiO.sub.2, 5-25% Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 2.5-25% MgO, and 1-15% at least one lanthanoid, such that the at least one lanthanoid includes: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, or oxides or fluorides thereof. An optical material includes at least one lanthanoid and at least one alkaline earth fluoride dopant, such that the at least one lanthanoid includes: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, or oxides or fluorides thereof, and such that the at least one alkaline earth fluoride dopant comprises BeF.sub.2, MgF.sub.2, CaF.sub.2, SrF.sub.2, and BaF.sub.2.

A light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the interlayer includes an emission layer and an electron transport region, the electron transport region is between the emission layer and the second electrode, the electron transport region includes a first compound of Formula 1, an alkali metal halide, and a lanthanide metal, and the first compound includes one or more C.sub.8-C.sub.60 carbocyclic groups or a C.sub.8-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, wherein, in Formula 1, the variables are defined herein.

A scintillator panel includes a substrate, a resin protective layer formed on the substrate and made of an organic material, a barrier layer formed on the resin protective layer and including thallium iodide as a main component, and a scintillator layer formed on the barrier layer and including cesium iodide with thallium added thereto as a main component. According to this scintillator panel, moisture resistance can be improved due to the barrier layer provided therein.

An upconversion single molecule probe is provided that includes a core having a nanoparticle seed crystal, where the nanoparticle seed crystal is an upconversion seed crystal, a first shell enveloping the core, and a second shell enveloping the first shell.

Disclosed herein is a material, comprising a first metal halide that is operative to function as a scintillator; where the first metal halide excludes cesium iodide (ScI), strontium iodide (SrI.sub.2), cesium bromide (CsBr), thallium doped cesium iodide (CsI:Tl), europium doped strontium iodide (SrI.sub.2:Eu), europium doped barium iodide (BaI.sub.2;EU), cerium doped strontium iodide (SrI.sub.2:Ce), cerium doped barium iodide (BaI.sub.2:Ce), cerium doped lanthanum bromide (LaBr.sub.3:Ce), and cerium doped lutetium iodide (LuI.sub.3:Ce); and a surface layer comprising a second metal halide that is disposed on a surface of the first metal halide; where the second metal halide has a lower water solubility than the first metal halide.

Halide-based scintillator materials, and related systems and methods are generally described. In some embodiments, the scintillator materials are thallium-based and/or have a perovskite structure. Specific embodiments of thallium calcium halides and thallium magnesium halides with desirable scintillation properties are provided.

An upconversion single molecule probe is provided that includes a core having a nanoparticle seed crystal, where the nanoparticle seed crystal is an upconversion seed crystal, a first shell enveloping the core, and a second shell enveloping the first shell.

A radiation-emitting device may include a radiation-emitting semiconductor chip configured to emit electromagnetic radiation of a first wavelength range from a radiation exit surface, a first phosphor configured to convert electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength range into electromagnetic radiation of a second wavelength range. The second wavelength range may be or include infrared light. The device may further include an up-converting phosphor configured to convert infrared light of the second wavelength range into visible light.

A device including an LED light source optically coupled to a phosphor material including a green-emitting phosphor selected from the group consisting of compositions (A1)-(A62) and combinations thereof.

A nanoparticle-in-perovskite (NIP) scintillator includes a host matrix and one or more nanoparticles embedded in the host matrix. The one or more nanoparticles are embedded in the host matrix at a loading volume of 20% or less. The host matrix has a thickness of 1 mm or greater. The host matrix is a polycrystalline perovskite material. In addition, the NIP scintillator is configured to exhibit a luminescent response to ionizing radiation having a photon energy of 1 keV or greater.