The present invention relates to a method of identifying and/or distinguishing materials by means of luminescence, wherein at least one luminescent substance is incorporated into the material and/or applied onto the material and the luminescence behaviour of the substance is analysed after excitation by means of radiation, and the use thereof for identifying and/or sorting and/or recycling and/or authenticating and/or performing a quality check and/or formulation check on materials.

A crystal material represented by a general formula (1):
(Gd.sub.1-x-y-zLa.sub.xME.sub.yRE.sub.z).sub.2MM.sub.2O.sub.7   (1),
where ME is at least one selected from Y, Yb, Sc, and Lu; RE is Ce or Pr; MM is at least one selected from Si and Ge; and ranges of x, y, and z are represented by the following (i): (i) 0.0≦x+y+z<1.0, 0.05≦x+z<1.0, 0.0≦y<1.0, and 0.0001≦z<0.05 (where, when RE is Ce, y=0 is an exception).

[Objective] To provide a ceramic emitter that exhibits high radiation intensity and excellent wavelength selectivity.

[Solution] A ceramic emitter includes a polycrystalline body that has a garnet structure represented by a compositional formula R.sub.3Al.sub.5O.sub.12 (R: rare-earth element) or R.sub.3Ga.sub.5O.sub.12 (R: rare-earth element) and has pores with a porosity of 20-40%. The pores have a portion where the pores are connected to one another but not linearly continuous, inside the polycrystalline body.

A light emitting device includes a solid-state light emitting element that emits a pulsed light, a wavelength converter including a phosphor that emits a wavelength-converted light having a wavelength longer than that of the pulsed light, and a light guide member including a light input end and a light output end. The wavelength converter is disposed on a light output end side of the light guide member. The pulsed light is input to the light guide member through the light input end and output through the light output end to be emitted to the wavelength converter. The wavelength-converted light has a fluorescence spectrum having a maximum intensity value in a wavelength range exceeding 710 nm. An electronic apparatus includes the light emitting device. An inspection method includes using the light emitting device.

The present disclosure teaches an article of manufacture using an industrial (or commercial) manufacturing process. The article of manufacture comprises an infrared (IR) luminescent material that emits in the IR wavelength range (e.g., from approximately seven-hundred nanometers (˜700 nm) to approximately one millimeter (˜1 mm)) after being excited by incident wavelengths of between ˜100 nm and ˜750 nm (or visible light). In other words, once the material has been exposed to visible light, the material will continue to emit in the IR wavelength range for a period of time, even when the material is no longer exposed to the visible light.

A transparent complex oxide sintered body is manufactured by sintering a compact in an inert atmosphere or vacuum, and HIP treating the sintered compact, provided that the compact is molded from a source powder based on a rare earth oxide: (Tb.sub.xY.sub.1-x).sub.2O.sub.3 wherein 0.4≤x≤0.6, and the compact, when heated in air from room temperature at a heating rate of 15° C./min, exhibits a weight gain of at least y % due to oxidative reaction, y being determined by the formula: y=2x+0.3. The sintered body has a long luminescent lifetime as a result of controlling the valence of Tb ion.

A coating including a plurality of indicator oxide nanoparticles, a binder, and a wetting agent. A sulfidation corrosion mitigation coating including: a sulfidation corrosion mitigation material, a binder, and a plurality of indicator oxide nanoparticles. An article including a metal alloy substrate having the sulfidation corrosion mitigation coating thereon is also provided. The sulfidation corrosion mitigation coating can include a first indicator layer containing indicator oxide nanoparticles disposed on the surface of the metal alloy substrate. Methods for inspection of an article having a coating containing a plurality of indicator oxide nanoparticles is also provided.

A polymerizable composition includes at least one monomer, a photoinitiator capable of initiating polymerization of the monomer when exposed to light, and a phosphor capable of producing light when exposed to radiation (typically X-rays). The material is particularly suitable for bonding components at ambient temperature in situations where the bond joint is not accessible to an external light source. An associated method includes: placing a polymerizable adhesive composition, including a photoinitiator and energy converting material, such as a down-converting phosphor, in contact with at least two components to be bonded to form an assembly; and, irradiating the assembly with radiation at a first wavelength, capable of conversion (down-conversion by the phosphor) to a second wavelength capable of activating the photoinitiator, to prepare items such as inkjet cartridges, wafer-to-wafer assemblies, semiconductors, integrated circuits, and the like.

The present disclosure teaches an article of manufacture using an industrial (or commercial) manufacturing process. The article of manufacture comprises an infrared (IR) luminescent material that emits in the IR wavelength range (e.g., from approximately seven-hundred nanometers (~700 nm) to approximately one millimeter (~1 mm)) after being excited by incident wavelengths of between ~100 nm and ~750 nm (or visible light). In other words, once the material has been exposed to visible light, the material will continue to emit in the IR wavelength range for a period of time, even when the material is no longer exposed to the visible light.

Provided is a light irradiation type cosmetic apparatus including a light emitting device including: a light source that emits primary light; and a first phosphor that absorbs the primary light and converts the primary light into first wavelength-converted light having a wavelength longer than that of the primary light, wherein the light source is a solid-state light source having a rated output of 1 W or more, the primary light is light emitted from the solid-state light source, the first wavelength-converted light contains fluorescence based on an electron energy transition of Cr.sup.3+, and the first wavelength-converted light has a fluorescence spectrum having a fluorescence intensity maximum value in a wavelength range exceeding 710 nm.