Disclosed is a method of producing an antioxidant that has excellent antioxidant ability and is well dispersed when applied to a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA). The method includes a step of preparing a powder including reduced metal oxide and a step of mixing the powder with a powdery ionomer to obtain an antioxidant in which the ionomer is bound to the surface of the reduced metal oxide.

Disclosed is a method of producing an antioxidant that has excellent antioxidant ability and is well dispersed when applied to a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA). The method includes a step of preparing a powder including reduced metal oxide and a step of mixing the powder with a powdery ionomer to obtain an antioxidant in which the ionomer is bound to the surface of the reduced metal oxide.

Disclosed are an antioxidant for a fuel cell having a high degree of dispersion and/or distribution and excellent antioxidant capability and a membrane-electrode assembly including the same. The antioxidant includes a metal oxide and a sulfur-containing organic compound, for example, an organic compound including a sulfinic acid anion group (R—SO.sub.2.sup.−), adsorbed on the metal oxide.

Disclosed are an antioxidant for a fuel cell having a high degree of dispersion and/or distribution and excellent antioxidant capability and a membrane-electrode assembly including the same. The antioxidant includes a metal oxide and a sulfur-containing organic compound, for example, an organic compound including a sulfinic acid anion group (R—SO.sub.2.sup.−), adsorbed on the metal oxide.

Methods are provided to inhibit corrosion in low hardness water systems. The corrosion inhibiting treatment comprises: calcium salts of low molecular weight polymer polycarboxylic acids. These calcium salts may be added preformed to the water system in need of treatment or formed in-situ in the system. This method of corrosion inhibition is not a source of addition phosphorous or heavy metal to the treated system.

Methods are provided to inhibit corrosion in low hardness water systems. The corrosion inhibiting treatment comprises: calcium salts of low molecular weight polymer polycarboxylic acids. These calcium salts may be added preformed to the water system in need of treatment or formed in-situ in the system. This method of corrosion inhibition is not a source of addition phosphorous or heavy metal to the treated system.

The present invention relates to a radical scavenging and anti-yellowing composition for polymeric materials and compositions containing the same. The invention further relates to medical devices comprising a composition according to the invention and to a method of sterilizing such devices.

The present invention relates to a radical scavenging and anti-yellowing composition for polymeric materials and compositions containing the same. The invention further relates to medical devices comprising a composition according to the invention and to a method of sterilizing such devices.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for controlling enzyme-induced urea decomposition attendant to the application of solid or liquid urea-containing fertilizers to soils. More particularly, the subject matter disclosed herein is concerned with selected triarylmethane compounds as urease inhibitors and their use, either alone or in combination with tetrapolymer synergists. Further, the disclosed compositions have good storage stability, long-lived activity in soil, and avoid the toxicity issues common with present-day urease inhibitors used in agriculture.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for controlling enzyme-induced urea decomposition attendant to the application of solid or liquid urea-containing fertilizers to soils. More particularly, the subject matter disclosed herein is concerned with selected triarylmethane compounds as urease inhibitors and their use, either alone or in combination with tetrapolymer synergists. Further, the disclosed compositions have good storage stability, long-lived activity in soil, and avoid the toxicity issues common with present-day urease inhibitors used in agriculture.