The present invention relates to a novel phosphite compound represented by the formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkylcycloalkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a process for producing the same, and uses thereof as a stabilizer for an organic material.

Disclosed is a method of producing an antioxidant that has excellent antioxidant ability and is well dispersed when applied to a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA). The method includes a step of preparing a powder including reduced metal oxide and a step of mixing the powder with a powdery ionomer to obtain an antioxidant in which the ionomer is bound to the surface of the reduced metal oxide.

The present disclosure is directed to processes, compositions and agents for inhibiting corrosion in various substrates, for example metal substrates. The present disclosure is also directed to corrosion inhibitors comprising organometallic polymers such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), including compositions and processes comprising MOFs for inhibiting corrosion in metal substrates.

A cerium oxide nanoparticle is produced by mixing a solution of an aromatic heterocyclic compound having no substituent or at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a methyl group, an ethyl group, an amino group, an aminomethyl group, a monomethylamino group, a dimethylamino group, and a cyano group and containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms in a ring structure of the aromatic heterocyclic compound, with a solution containing a cerium (III) ion or with a cerium (III) salt, followed by addition of an oxidant.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a decomposition inhibitor for inhibiting the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide included in an etching liquid composition for titanium nitride.

The present invention relates to a decomposition inhibitor that is used to inhibit the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide included in an etching liquid composition for titanium nitride and that includes at least one compound selected from among azole compounds, aminocarboxylic acid compounds, and phosphonic acid compounds as an active component.

Organofunctional silicon particles are covalently functionalized on their surface with at least one organic compound, for example a plurality of —O—(C.sub.1-C.sub.48)-alkyl compounds. The functionalization of the surface of the silicon particles makes it possible to adjust the properties of fluids in terms of their profile of properties by addition of the modified silicon particles. For instance, the alkoxy-functionalized silicon particles may preferably be added to a motor oil as additives for reducing viscosity.

Processes, compositions and agents are included for inhibiting corrosion in various substrates, for example metal substrates. Corrosion inhibitors include organometallic polymers such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), including compositions and processes comprising MOFs for inhibiting corrosion in metal substrates. In some aspects, a method of protecting a substrate from corrosion includes applying a protective composition including a corrosion inhibitor to the surface of a substrate, where the corrosion inhibitor includes a metal organic framework (MOF).

The invention provides a lubricating composition containing (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) a phosphite having at least one hydrocarbyl group that has 4 or more carbon atoms, and (c) a compound derived from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid. The invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in an internal combustion engine.

The invention relates to a composition comprising an organic material susceptible to oxidative, thermal or light-induced degradation and a compound of formula I-P, I-O or I-M. Further embodiments are a compound of formula I-P, I-O or I-M, a process for protection of the organic material by the compound, the use of the compound against degradation of the organic material, an additive composition comprising the compound, a process for manufacturing the compound and an intermediate involved therein.

##STR00001##

Disclosed herein is a stabilizer mixture for modifying an olefin-based polymer, which comprises at least one organic phosphorus-containing antioxidant represented by a formula selected from the group consisting of formulae (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), and (8), as well as at least one sulfur-containing carboxylate salt represented by a formula selected from the group consisting of formulae (9), (10), (11), and (12). Also disclosed herein is a modified polymer composition prepared from an olefin-based polymer using the stabilizer mixture. The olefin-based polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and a combination thereof.