The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and dielectric anisotropy of 0.5 or more, which comprises one or more compounds of formula D

##STR00001## in which the parameters have the meanings given in the text,
to the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, to displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type, and to the compounds of formula T and their use for the improvement of the transmission and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises one or more additional mesogenic compounds.

Liquid crystal mixtures containing a photoalignment component A) containing a photoreactive mesogen of formula I,

##STR00001## a liquid-crystalline component B) containing one or more nematogenic compounds, and a polymerizable component C) containing one or more polymerizable compounds of formula P,

P.sup.a-Sp.sup.a-(A.sup.p).sub.n2-Sp.sup.b-P.sup.b  P and a method of producing such LC media, the use of such media in LC devices, and LC devices containing such a LC medium, and further a process for the fabrication of such liquid crystal displays and the use of the liquid crystal mixtures for the fabrication of such liquid crystal display.

The present invention relates to a negative dielectric anisotropic liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal display element, and a liquid crystal display. The negative dielectric anisotropic liquid crystal composition of the present invention comprises a first component composed of one or more compounds represented by formula I and a second component composed of one or more polymerizable compounds: The negative dielectric anisotropic liquid crystal composition disclosed by the present invention has a low rotary viscosity, a fast response speed and a good stability, and is very suitable for manufacturing liquid crystal display elements, particularly suitable for PS (polymer-stabilized) or PSA (polymer-stabilized alignment)-type liquid crystal displays. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and dielectric anisotropy of 0.5 or more, which comprises one or more compounds of formula Y ##STR00001##
in which the parameters have the meanings given in the text,
to the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, to displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type, and to the use of the compounds of formula Y for the improvement of the transmission and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises one or more additional mesogenic compounds.

There is provided a liquid crystal composition which has favorable characteristics and excellent characteristic balance as a material for an element used for phase control of an electromagnetic wave signal with a frequency of 1 MHz to 400 THz. A liquid crystal composition which contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by Formula (1), and is used for phase control of an electromagnetic wave signal with a frequency of 1 MHz to 400 THz:

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process of preparing a light modulation element of the PS-ULH (polymer stabilised ULH) type, which allows to reduce the operational voltage and allows to improve the switching time of the light modulation element.

A liquid crystal composite that contains a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as high maximum temperature, low minimum temperature, small viscosity, large optical anisotropy and large positive dielectric anisotropy, and that is suitable for dimming, or having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics; and a liquid crystal dimming device having the liquid crystal composite. The liquid crystal composite contains a polymer and a liquid crystal composition containing a specific compound having large positive dielectric anisotropy. The liquid crystal composite may further contain a specific compound having high maximum temperature or low minimum temperature; or a specific compound having large negative dielectric anisotropy.

The present invention relates to a negative dielectric anisotropic liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal display element, and a liquid crystal display. The negative dielectric anisotropic liquid crystal composition of the present invention comprises a first component composed of one or more compounds represented by formula I and a second component composed of one or more polymerizable compounds: The negative dielectric anisotropic liquid crystal composition disclosed by the present invention has a low rotary viscosity, a fast response speed and a good stability, and is very suitable for manufacturing liquid crystal display elements, particularly suitable for PS (polymer-stabilized) or PSA (polymer-stabilized alignment)-type liquid crystal displays.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) medium comprising polymerisable compounds, to a process for its preparation, to its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, and to LC displays comprising it.

Provided are a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as high maximum temperature, low minimum temperature, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy and large dielectric anisotropy, or the liquid crystal composition having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics; and an AM device including the composition. The liquid crystal composition contains a specific compound having small optical anisotropy as a first component, and a specific compound having positive dielectric anisotropy as a second component, and may contain a specific compound having high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a third component, a specific compound having positive dielectric anisotropy as a fourth component, or a specific compound having negative dielectric anisotropy as a fifth component.