The present invention is to find appropriate manufacturing conditions for obtaining a homogeneous scattering state, a homogeneous transparent state, and a homogeneous driving voltage state and to obtain a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display element that has homogeneous properties. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal display element having excellent homogeneity can be obtained by irradiating a light control layer-forming material containing a liquid crystal material and a polymerizable composition with ultraviolet light under specific ultraviolet irradiation conditions to polymerize the polymerizable composition.

The instant invention relates to mesogenic media exhibiting a blue phase, comprising one or both components selected from the two following components, components A and B, component A, comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula I-M, ##STR00001##
and component B, consisting of one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula I-U, ##STR00002##
wherein the parameters are as specified in the text, preferably stabilized by a polymer, and their use in electro-optical light modulation elements and their respective use in displays, as well as to such displays.

Mesogenic compounds of formula I-Z ##STR00001##
are suitable for use in mesogenic media. Such mesogenic media can exhibit a blue phase and comprise component A, consisting of one or more compounds of formula I-Z, and, optionally a component B, consisting of one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae
I-M and I-U, ##STR00002##
wherein the parameters are as defined herein. The media can also be stabilized by a polymer. The media can be used in electro-optical light modulation elements and displays.

A liquid crystal composition including: a polymerizable liquid crystal compound capable of expressing birefringence with inverse wavelength dispersion; a surfactant containing a fluorine atom; and a solvent, wherein the surfactant contains a fluorine atom at a ratio of 30% by weight or less in a molecule of the surfactant.

The present invention relates to heteroaromatic isothiocyanates of formula N

##STR00001##

as defined in claim 1, to liquid-crystalline media comprising one or more compounds of formula N and to high-frequency components comprising these media, especially microwave components for high-frequency devices, such as devices for shifting the phase of microwaves, tunable filters, tunable metamaterial structures, and electronic beam steering antennas, e.g. phased array antennas.

The present invention relates to heteroaromatic isothiocyanates of formula N ##STR00001##
as defined in claim 1, to liquid-crystalline media comprising one or more compounds of formula N and to high-frequency components comprising these media, especially microwave components for high-frequency devices, such as devices for shifting the phase of microwaves, tunable filters, tunable metamaterial structures, and electronic beam steering antennas, e.g. phased array antennas.

A liquid crystal composition including: a polymerizable liquid crystal compound capable of expressing birefringence with inverse wavelength dispersion; a surfactant containing a fluorine atom; and a solvent, wherein the surfactant contains a fluorine atom at a ratio of 30% by weight or less in a molecule of the surfactant.

The invention provides a switchable lens element comprising an inverse lens structure formed by an isotropic material and an isotropic cover sheet wherein the resulting lens structure comprises an electrically switchable polymer stabilized blue phase LC medium having the same refractive index in its isotropic state. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of such a lens element in an electro-optical device i.e. an autostereoscopic display device operable in a 2D mode or a 3D mode, in which a lens arrangement directs the output from different pixels to different spatial positions to enable a stereoscopic image to be viewed and wherein the lens arrangement comprises a plurality of said switchable lens elements.