An electro-polarizable compound has the following general formula:

##STR00001##

Core1 is an aromatic polycyclic conjugated molecule having two-dimensional teat form and self-assembling by pi-pi stacking in a column-like supramolecule, R1 is a dopant group connected to Core1; a number m of R1 groups is 1, 2, 3 or 4. R2 is a substituent comprising one or more ionic groups connected to Core1; a number p of ionic groups R2 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. The fragment marked NLE has a nonlinear polarization effect. Core2 is an electro-conductive oligomer self-assembling by pi-pi stacking in a column-like supramolecule, a number n of such oligomers is 0, 2, or 4. R3 is a substituent comprising one or more ionic groups connected to Core2; a number s of the ionic groups R3 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. R4 is a resistive substituent providing solubility of the compound in a solvent and electrically insulating the column-like supramolecules from each other. A number k of substituents R4 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.

The present application relates to a device for regulating the passage of energy from an outside space into an inside space, to compounds, windows and uses of the devices and compounds.

The present invention relates to an assembly of switching layers for dimming and scattering of light and to window elements comprising the arrangement of switching layers.

A linear polarizer may be formed a blue dichroic dye compound, having a maximum dichroic ratio Kd12 in an entire visible wavelength range, and a red dichroic dye compound, having a maximum dichroic ratio Kd16 in the entire visible wavelength range. The linear polarizer has a dichroic ratio Kd18 and a thickness of less than or equal to 2 micrometers. The linear polarizer may form an achromatic polarizer.

An electro-polarizable compound has the following general formula: ##STR00001## where Core1 is an aromatic polycyclic conjugated molecule having two-dimensional flat form and self-assembling by pi-pi stacking in a column-like supramolecule, which is tetrapirolic macro-cyclic fragment, R1 is an dopant group connected to Core1, m is number of R1 which is equal to 1, 2, 3 or 4, R2 is a substituent comprising one or more ionic groups, p is number of R2 which is equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. The fragment marked NLE containing the Core1 with at least one R1 has a nonlinear effect of polarization. Core2 is an electro-conductive oligomer self-assembling by pi-pi stacking in a column-like supramolecule, n is number of Core2 which is equal to 2, or 4, R3 is a substituent comprising one or more ionic groups, s is number of R3 which is equal to 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. R4 is a non-polar resistive substituent, k is a number of R4 which is equal to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.

The application relates to a device for regulating the entry of light into a room, which comprises a switchable layer of specific design comprising a twisted nematic liquid-crystalline medium and a dichroic compound.

The present application relates to a device for regulating the passage of light which is characterised in that it comprises a layer comprising a liquid-crystalline mixture containing a characteristic structural element.

An electro-polarizable compound has the following general formula: ##STR00001##
Core1 is an aromatic polycyclic conjugated molecule having two-dimensional flat form and that self-assembles to form supramolecular structures. R1 are electron donor groups connected to Core1 and R1 are electron acceptor groups connected to Corel, m is number of acceptor groups R1, m is a number of donor groups R. The numbers m and m are equal to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, but both m and m are not both equal to 0. R2 is a substituent comprising one or more ionic groups connected to Core1 directly or via a connecting group; a number p of ionic groups R2 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. The fragment marked NLE has a nonlinear effect of polarization. Core2 is a self-assembling electro-conductive oligomer, a number n of the such oligomers is 0, 2, or 4. R3 is a substituent comprising one or more ionic groups connected to Core2; a number s of the ionic groups R3 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. R4 is a resistive substituent electrically insulating the supramolecular structures from each other. A number k of substituents R4 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.

The present invention relates to an assembly of switching layers for dimming and scattering of light and to window elements comprising the arrangement of switching layers.

A liquid-crystalline medium which is suitable for use in a guest-host system. An LC device, preferably a device for the regulation of the passage of energy, containing the liquid-crystalline medium.