Alignment films include a copolymer of a specific vertical alignment monomer and at least one of a specific anthracene-based monomer and a specific benzyl-based monomer.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and dielectric anisotropy of 0.5 or more, which comprises one or more compounds of formula D

##STR00001## in which the parameters have the meanings given in the text,
to the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, to displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type, and to the compounds of formula T and their use for the improvement of the transmission and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises one or more additional mesogenic compounds.

[Object] An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound for use in the manufacture of a PSA or PSVA liquid crystal display device. The polymerizable compound has a sufficiently high polymerization rate. The PSA or PSVA liquid crystal display device has few or no display defects due to a change in pretilt angle, has an adequate pretilt angle, and has high responsiveness. The present invention also provides a liquid crystal display device having the liquid crystal composition. [Solution] The object is achieved by using a liquid crystal composition containing one or two or more polymerizable compounds represented by the general formula (I).

The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal (LC) medium comprising one or more polymerisable compounds and to the use of the LC medium for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer sustained alignment (PS, PSA) or self-aligning (SA) type.

The invention relates to a light modulation element comprising a cholesteric liquid crystalline medium sandwiched between two substrates (1), provided with a common electrode structure (2) and a driving electrode structure (3) individually, wherein the substrate with driving and/or common electrode structure is additionally provided with an alignment electrode structure (4) which is separated from the driving and or common electrode structure on the same substrate by a dielectric layer (5), characterized in that it comprises at least one alignment layer (6) directly adjacent to the liquid crystalline medium. The invention is further related to a method of production of said light modulation element and to the use of said light modulation element in various types of optical and electro-optical devices, such as electro-optical displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), non-linear optic (NLO) devices, and optical information storage devices.

The present invention relates to polymerisable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal (LC) media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerisable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer sustained alignment type.

The invention provides a lighting device (10) comprising a light source (100) configured to generate light source light (101) and a light converter element (200), wherein the light converter element (200) comprises a light transmissive matrix (205), wherein the light transmissive matrix (205) comprises: (i) a first luminescent material (210) configured to convert at least part of one or more of (a) the light source light (101) and (b) optionally a second luminescent material light (221) from an optional second luminescent material (220) into a first luminescent material light (211); and (ii) a thermo-responsive liquid crystalline compound (250); wherein the light transmissive matrix (205) is configured in thermal contact with the light source (100), and wherein the lighting device (10) is further configured to provide lighting device light (11) comprising said light source light (101), said first luminescent material light (210) and optionally said second luminescent material light (221), and wherein said light converter element is arranged for changing one or more of the color and color temperature of the lighting device light with the electrical power provided to the light source.

A liquid crystal composition includes at least one of liquid crystal molecules represented by Chemical Formulas A and B:

##STR00001##

where in Chemical Formulas A and B, L.sub.1 to L.sub.4 are each independently —H, —F, —Cl, —OCF.sub.3, —CF.sub.3, —CH.sub.2F, or —CHF.sub.2, R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen, a halogen, a cyano group, a C1-C12 alkyl group, or a C1-C12 alkoxy group, and Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.4 are each independently a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —SCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2S—, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —C.sub.2F.sub.4—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2n—, where n is a natural number of 1 to 12, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —C═C—, or —CH═CHCH.sub.2O.

The invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of the nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large negative dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat, or having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics; and is to provide an AM device having a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth; wherein the liquid crystal composition includes a specific compound having a large negative dielectric anisotropy and a low minimum temperature as a first component, a specific compound having a small viscosity or a large maximum temperature as a second component and a specific compound having a polymerizable group as a third component, and a liquid crystal display device contains the composition.

A liquid crystal composition for a display device, the composition includes compounds of Chemical Formulae 1-7 with the amounts and compounds defined herein.