The present invention relates to a background blocking concept for use in time-resolved fluorometry binding assays. More particular, the invention relates to a binding assay and a kit involving the use of the same or similar chelating ligand in lanthanide chelate-labelled analyte-specific biomolecules and as or in a background blocking agent.

Disclosed is a rare earth complex including: one or a plurality of rare earth ions; and a ligand forming a coordinate bond with the rare earth ions. At least a part of the rare earth ions are at least one kind selected from the group consisting of lutetium(III) ions, yttrium(III) ions, and gadolinium(III) ions. The ligand includes a residue obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from a fluorescent condensed polycyclic aromatic compound.

The invention relates to ligands and complexes of metal ions with the ligands useful in various applications, including therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

A chelate and associated security feature including a lanthanide metal and a ligand of formula (1), formula (2), or formula (3), ##STR00001##
where each of R.sub.1-R.sub.7 in formula (1) is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, NH.sub.2, Cl, F, OMe, OAr, OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, alkyl, aryl, phenyl, OPh, and heteroaromatic, where each of R.sub.1-R.sub.5 in formula (2) is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, NH.sub.2, Cl, F, OMe, OAr, OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, NMe.sub.2, CN, alkyl, aryl, phenyl, OPh, and heteroaromatic, and where R.sub.6 in formula (2) is selected from the group consisting of H, NH.sub.2, Cl, F, OMe, OAr, OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, NMe.sub.2, CN, alkyl, aryl, phenyl, OPh, and heteroaromatic, and where each of R.sub.1-R.sub.5 in formula (3) is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, NH.sub.2, Cl, F, OMe, OAr, OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, alkyl, aryl, phenyl, OPh, and heteroaromatic.

A rapid and facile design strategy to create a highly complex optical tag with programmable, multimodal photoluminescent properties is described. This is achieved via intrinsic and biomolecule-fluorophore hidden signatures. As a first covert feature of the tag, an intricate novel heterometallic near-infrared (NIR) emitting mesoporous metal-organic framework (MOF) was synthesized comprising homometallic hexanuclear clusters based on Nd and Yb. To generate controlled, multimodal, and tailorable emission with difficult to counterfeit features, the NIR emissive MOF was post-synthetically modified via a fluorescent biomolecule labeling design strategy. The surface attachment of several distinct fluorophores, including the simultaneous attachment of up to three distinct fluorescently labeled DNA oligos was demonstrated, with excitation and emission properties across the visible spectrum (480-800 nm). The DNA inclusion as a secondary covert element in the tag was demonstrated via detection of SYBR Gold dye association.

The present technology relates to luminescent lanthanide complexes comprising a chelating agent, formed of a macrocycle or ligand, complexing a lanthanide ion Ln.sup.3+ selected from terbium and dysprosium, the chelating agent comprising at least one group of the structure (B) below; and a process for detecting a biomolecule using said lanthanide complex comprising coupling a luminescent lanthanide complex of the present technology having a reactive group with said biomolecule. ##STR00001##

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) comprising amines on the organic linker can be used for cell targeting. In particular, primary amine groups represent one of the most versatile chemical moieties for conjugation to biologically relevant molecules, including antibodies and enzymes. Different chemical conjugation schemes can be used to conjugate biological molecules to the amino functionality on the organic linker. For example, carbodiimide chemistry can be used to link a primary amine to available carboxyl groups on the protein. For example, sulfhydryl crosslinking chemistry can be used via Traut's reagent scheme. As a demonstration of the invention, the ability of EpCAM antibody-targeted MOFs to bind to a human epithelial cell line (A549), a common target for imaging studies, was confirmed with confocal microscopy.

Disclosed is a high quality display device which avoids complicated element structure, and does not unnecessarily reduce portability. The display device comprises: a pair of substrates which are disposed facing each other, and on each of which electrodes are formed; and a material layer which is sandwiched between the pair of substrates. The material layer contains: a coloring material which changes color upon the application of a voltage; and a light-emitting material which emits light upon photoexcitation.

The present technology provides a coating system including a luminophoric material. The luminophoric material is a pyridine-containing ligand chosen from a substituted or unsubstituted bidentate pyridine compound, a substituted or unsubstituted tridentate pyridine compound, or a combination of two or more thereof. Alternatively, the luminophoric material may be a fluorescent dye. The coating system may include a topcoat material, a primer material, or a combination thereof.

A lighting device includes a light source and a photoconversion layer including a perovskite compound represented by Formula 1. The perovskite compound absorbs at least part of light emitted from the light source and emits light having a different wavelength range from the absorbed light:

[A][B][X].sub.3  <Formula 1>

In Formula 1, A is at least one monovalent organic cation, at least one a monovalent inorganic cation, or any combination thereof, B is at least one divalent inorganic cation, and X is at least one monovalent anion.