Provided is a novel technique related to electrochemical devices that can cause an electrochemical device to display excellent rate characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics. The electrochemical device is produced using a dispersant composition for an electrochemical device that contains a polymer A. This polymer A includes a nitrile group-containing monomer unit and has an intrinsic viscosity of not less than 0.15 dL/g and less than 1.20 dL/g when dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and measured at a temperature of 25° C.

The present invention relates the use of a microfibrillated cellulose as a suspension stabilizer agent, a network structuring agent, or a network structuring additive in the manufacture of a liquid composition having a particulate system. Preferably, the microfibrillated cellulose is present from 0.5% to 5.0% in a stabilized liquid composition. The stabilized liquid composition also has a particulate system, having a plurality of particles, a plurality of capsules or mixtures thereof.

The present invention relates the use of a microfibrillated cellulose as a suspension stabilizer agent, a network structuring agent, or a network structuring additive in the manufacture of a liquid composition having a particulate system. Preferably, the microfibrillated cellulose is present from 0.5% to 5.0% in a stabilized liquid composition. The stabilized liquid composition also has a particulate system, having a plurality of particles, a plurality of capsules or mixtures thereof.

Provided is a dispersant containing a copolymer that includes an aliphatic hydrocarbon structural unit, a nitrile group-containing structural unit, and a substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group-containing structural unit. The aliphatic hydrocarbon structural unit includes an alkylene structural unit. The content of the aliphatic hydrocarbon structural unit is 40 mass % or more and less than 85 mass % based on the mass of the copolymer, the content of the nitrile group-containing structural unit is 15 mass % or more and 50 mass % or less based on the mass of the copolymer, and the content of the substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group-containing structural unit is 10 mass % or less based on the mass of the copolymer. The weight-average molecular weight of the polymer is 5,000 or more and 400,000 or less.

Provided is a dispersant containing a copolymer that includes an aliphatic hydrocarbon structural unit, a nitrile group-containing structural unit, and a substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group-containing structural unit. The aliphatic hydrocarbon structural unit includes an alkylene structural unit. The content of the aliphatic hydrocarbon structural unit is 40 mass % or more and less than 85 mass % based on the mass of the copolymer, the content of the nitrile group-containing structural unit is 15 mass % or more and 50 mass % or less based on the mass of the copolymer, and the content of the substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group-containing structural unit is 10 mass % or less based on the mass of the copolymer. The weight-average molecular weight of the polymer is 5,000 or more and 400,000 or less.

Well treatment fluids may include solid particles comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, barium hydroxide, and ammonium thiocyanate. These well treatment fluids may also include a carrier fluid, which may be an aqueous polymeric fluid, an oil, or combinations thereof. The aqueous polymeric fluid may include a polymer selected from the group consisting of guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar, cellulose, or polyacrylamide. The oil may include a material selected from the group consisting of diesel, mineral oil, and wax. Methods for reducing an acid carbonate reaction in a carbonate formation may include pumping a composition of solid particles into a formation; releasing the solid particles from the capsules or emulsion within the formation; and injecting an acid following the releasing step or during pumping, wherein the acid carbonate reaction is carried out at a reduced reaction rate.

Well treatment fluids may include solid particles comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, barium hydroxide, and ammonium thiocyanate. These well treatment fluids may also include a carrier fluid, which may be an aqueous polymeric fluid, an oil, or combinations thereof. The aqueous polymeric fluid may include a polymer selected from the group consisting of guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar, cellulose, or polyacrylamide. The oil may include a material selected from the group consisting of diesel, mineral oil, and wax. Methods for reducing an acid carbonate reaction in a carbonate formation may include pumping a composition of solid particles into a formation; releasing the solid particles from the capsules or emulsion within the formation; and injecting an acid following the releasing step or during pumping, wherein the acid carbonate reaction is carried out at a reduced reaction rate.

An object of the present invention is to provide a PVA-based resin having a small distribution in degree of heat treatment in which the degree of heat treatment does not depend on a particle diameter. The polyvinyl alcohol-based resin of the present invention has an absorbance at 280 nm of 0.3 or more when being made to a 0.1 wt % aqueous solution and satisfies the following Formula (1): 0.9X.sub.1/Y.sub.11.2 (in Formula (1), X.sub.1 represents an absorbance at 320 nm of a 0.1 wt % aqueous solution of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin having a particle diameter larger than 1000 m and 1680 m or less, and Y.sub.1 represents an absorbance at 320 nm of a 0.1 wt % aqueous solution of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin having a particle diameter larger than 212 m and 500 m or less).

Provided is a dispersant for carbon fibers which allows uniform dispersion of relatively long carbon fibers, e.g., carbon fibers with a length of 12.5 mm or more, particularly 10.0-100.0 mm, more particularly 12.5-50.0 mm in an aqueous medium. A dispersant for carbon fibers used by combining: (A) a random copolymer of phenylglycidyl ether and ethylene oxide, or a random copolymer of phenylglycidyl ether, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and (B) a polyether-based polyurethane resin based on a bifunctional polyol and hexamethylene diisocyanate, the bifunctional polyol being polyethylene glycol and/or an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide random copolymer.

Well treatment fluids may include solid particles comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, barium hydroxide, and ammonium thiocyanate. These well treatment fluids may also include a carrier fluid, which may be an aqueous polymeric fluid, an oil, or combinations thereof. The aqueous polymeric fluid may include a polymer selected from the group consisting of guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar, cellulose, or polyacrylamide. The oil may include a material selected from the group consisting of diesel, mineral oil, and wax. Methods for reducing an acid carbonate reaction in a carbonate formation may include pumping a composition of solid particles into a formation; releasing the solid particles from the capsules or emulsion within the formation; and injecting an acid following the releasing step or during pumping, wherein the acid carbonate reaction is carried out at a reduced reaction rate.