The present invention provides a touch structure and a display panel. The touch structure includes a polarizing layer and a touch layer disposed on a surface of one side of the polarizing layer, wherein a material of the polarizing layer includes a conductive polymer and an iodine molecule.

The Kerr effect depends very strongly on the temperature and is associated with high operating voltages. The present invention relates to an electrically controllable optical element which comprises a cell (D) filled with a starting mixture (K) and having two substrates (1a, 1b) and a conductive layer (2a, 2b) applied onto the inner surface of the respective substrate (1a, 1b), wherein the starting mixture (K) comprises a mixture of dipolar, rod-shaped molecules (5) and semi-mesogenes (4) as active constituents, and wherein the starting mixture (K) forms a thin layer having a wide-meshed, anisotropic network (9) produced by photo-polymerization between the structured or/and flat conductive layers (2a, 2b), which are applied onto a substrate (1a, 1b), in a thin-film cell (D). According to the invention, an optically active surface profile (O) is incorporated on the inner surface of a substrate (1a or 1b) or into the substrate (1a or 1b) or both substrates (1a and 1b).

A conductive coating composition includes 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a conductive polymer, 5 to 30 parts by weight of polysilazane, and 30 to 60 parts by weight of a solvent.

Disclosed are an alignment layer and a liquid crystal display having the same. The alignment layer comprises a polyimide compound having an azo group and exhibiting optical alignment characteristics and a discotic liquid crystal compound exhibiting optical anisotropy. The liquid crystal display comprises first and second substrates facing each other, liquid crystal aligned between the first and second substrates, and an alignment layer formed on at least one surface of the first and second substrates. The alignment layer is adjacent to the liquid crystal and has optical alignment characteristics and optical anisotropy.

The present invention provides a touch structure and a display panel. The touch structure includes a polarizing layer and a touch layer disposed on a surface of one side of the polarizing layer, wherein a material of the polarizing layer includes a conductive polymer and an iodine molecule.

A touch sensor panel includes a base layer, a touch sensor layer, and a first insulating layer in this order. The touch sensor layer includes a patterned conductive layer. A water vapor transmission rate Pc of the base layer at a temperature of 40° C. and a humidity of 90% RH is not higher than 900 g/(m.sup.2•24 hr). A water vapor transmission rate Pa of the first insulating layer at a temperature of 40° C. and a humidity of 90% RH is not higher than 900 g/(m.sup.2•24 hr).

Provided are a polarizing plate, a polarizing plate adhesive composition for same, and an optical display apparatus comprising same, the polarizing plate comprising: a polarizer; and a polarizing plate adhesive layer and a protective layer which are sequentially formed on at least one surface of the polarizer, wherein the polarizing plate adhesive layer comprises poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and the polarizing plate adhesive layer has a surface resistance of about 1×10.sup.8 to about 1×10.sup.12(Ω/□).

The invention relates to liquid-crystalline media which can be used, in particular, for electro-optical displays having active-matrix addressing based on the ECB effect and for IPS (in-plane switching) displays or FFS (fringe field switching) displays.

Liquid-crystalline media which can be used, in particular, for electro-optical displays having active-matrix addressing based on the ECB effect and for IPS (in-plane switching) displays or FFS (fringe field switching) displays.

Provided are a polarizing plate, a polarizing plate adhesive composition for same, and an optical display apparatus comprising same, the polarizing plate comprising: a polarizer; and a polarizing plate adhesive layer and a protective layer which are sequentially formed on at least one surface of the polarizer, wherein the polarizing plate adhesive layer comprises poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and the polarizing plate adhesive layer has a surface resistance of about 1×10.sup.8 to about 1×10.sup.12(Ω/□).