Treatment compositions for neutralizing acidic species and reducing hydrochloride and amine salts in a fluid hydrocarbon stream are disclosed. The treatment compositions may comprise at least one amine with a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0. Methods for neutralizing acidic species and reducing deposits of hydrochloride and amine salts in a hydrocarbon refining process are also disclosed. The methods may comprise providing a fluid hydrocarbon stream and adding a treatment composition to the fluid hydrocarbon stream. The treatment compositions used may have a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0 and comprise either water-soluble or oil-soluble amines.

Treatment compositions for neutralizing acidic species and reducing hydrochloride and amine salts in a fluid hydrocarbon stream are disclosed. The treatment compositions may comprise at least one amine with a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0. Methods for neutralizing acidic species and reducing deposits of hydrochloride and amine salts in a hydrocarbon refining process are also disclosed. The methods may comprise providing a fluid hydrocarbon stream and adding a treatment composition to the fluid hydrocarbon stream. The treatment compositions used may have a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0 and comprise either water-soluble or oil-soluble amines.

This invention provides a composition comprising I. at least one reaction product between a nitrogen-free monohydric alcohol and an aldehyde or ketone, and II. at least one reaction product between a nitrogen-free sugar alcohol and an aldehyde or ketone, and optionally III. at least one reaction product from III.a) formaldehyde, and III.b) an amine, selected from the group consisting of primary alkyl amines having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and primary hydroxy alkyl amines having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and optionally IV. at least one solid suppression agent selected from the group consisting of IV(a). alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides IV(b). mono-, di- or tri-hydroxy alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl amines, IV(c). mono-, di- or tri-alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl primary, secondary and tertiary amines or IV(d). multifunctional amines and IV(e). mixtures of compounds of groups IV(a) to IV(c). wherein alkyl is C.sub.1 to C.sub.15, aryl is C.sub.6 to C.sub.15 and alkylaryl is C.sub.7 to C.sub.15.

This invention provides a composition comprising I. at least one reaction product between a nitrogen-free monohydric alcohol and an aldehyde or ketone, and II. at least one reaction product between a nitrogen-free sugar alcohol and an aldehyde or ketone, and optionally III. at least one reaction product from III.a) formaldehyde, and III.b) an amine, selected from the group consisting of primary alkyl amines having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and primary hydroxy alkyl amines having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and optionally IV. at least one solid suppression agent selected from the group consisting of IV(a). alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides IV(b). mono-, di- or tri-hydroxy alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl amines, IV(c). mono-, di- or tri-alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl primary, secondary and tertiary amines or IV(d). multifunctional amines and IV(e). mixtures of compounds of groups IV(a) to IV(c). wherein alkyl is C.sub.1 to C.sub.15, aryl is C.sub.6 to C.sub.15 and alkylaryl is C.sub.7 to C.sub.15.

A flow reactor comprising: a cylindrical body defining a conduit extending from a first end to a second end; a conduit inlet for providing a flow of a liquid reagent into the conduit, the conduit inlet at or near the first end; a conduit outlet for providing a flow of a liquid content from the conduit, the conduit outlet at or near the second end; a rotating screw arranged within the conduit and extending in the conduit, the rotating screw arranged to rotate about an axis extending from the first end to the second end, to direct the liquid content from the conduit inlet to the conduit outlet; and one or more ultrasonic emitters arranged to emit ultrasound waves in the conduit. The flow reactor may be used for desulphurization of fuel oil.

A flow reactor comprising: a cylindrical body defining a conduit extending from a first end to a second end; a conduit inlet for providing a flow of a liquid reagent into the conduit, the conduit inlet at or near the first end; a conduit outlet for providing a flow of a liquid content from the conduit, the conduit outlet at or near the second end; a rotating screw arranged within the conduit and extending in the conduit, the rotating screw arranged to rotate about an axis extending from the first end to the second end, to direct the liquid content from the conduit inlet to the conduit outlet; and one or more ultrasonic emitters arranged to emit ultrasound waves in the conduit. The flow reactor may be used for desulphurization of fuel oil.

The present invention relates to a method for the extraction of mercury from a mercury-containing hydrocarbon feed, and to the use of a hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of a mercury source from a hydrocarbon feed.

Disclosed are extraction solvents used in compositions and methods to refine synthetic feedstocks derived from plastic. Methods of refining plastic-derived synthetic feedstocks are also provided. For example, a method of refining a plastic-derived synthetic feedstock composition may include adding an extraction solvent to a synthetic feedstock composition derived from plastic pyrolyis to provide an extract phase and a raffinate phase, wherein the extraction solvent includes a polar organic extraction solvent immiscible in the synthetic feedstock. The methods may also include separating the raffinate phase from the extract phase to obtain a refined synthetic feedstock.

Ionic liquids of the general formula C.sup.+A.sup.− where C.sup.+ represents an organic cation, specifically, but not limited to the imidazolium, pyridinium, isoquinolinium, ammonium types, which have aliphatic and aromatic substituents, while A.sup.− represents a carboxylate, aromatic and aliphatic anion. The ionic liquids are synthesized under conventional heating or microwave irradiation This invention is also related to the application of ionic liquids to remove sulfur compounds of naphthas through a liquid-liquid extraction and the recovery and reuse of ionic liquids by the application of heat, reduced pressure and washing with solvents.

Ionic liquids of the general formula C.sup.+A.sup.− where C.sup.+ represents an organic cation, specifically, but not limited to the imidazolium, pyridinium, isoquinolinium, ammonium types, which have aliphatic and aromatic substituents, while A.sup.− represents a carboxylate, aromatic and aliphatic anion. The ionic liquids are synthesized under conventional heating or microwave irradiation This invention is also related to the application of ionic liquids to remove sulfur compounds of naphthas through a liquid-liquid extraction and the recovery and reuse of ionic liquids by the application of heat, reduced pressure and washing with solvents.