A method of producing liquid fuel and/or chemicals from a carbonaceous material entails combusting a conditioned syngas in pulse combustion heat exchangers of a steam reformer to help convert carbonaceous material into first reactor product gas which includes carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases. A portion of the first reactor product gas is transferred to a hydrogen reformer into which additional conditioned syngas is added and a reaction carried out to produce an improved syngas. The improved syngas is then subject to one or more gas clean-up steps to form a new conditioned syngas. A portion of the new conditioned syngas is recycled to be used as the conditioned syngas in the pulse combustion heat exchangers and in the hydrocarbon reformer. A system for carrying out the method include, a steam reformer, a hydrocarbon reformer, first and second gas-cleanup systems, a synthesis system and an upgrading system.

Copper sulfide of the formula Cu.sub.xS.sub.y, wherein x and y are integer or non-integer values, wherein (i) the copper sulfide has a sulfur 2p XPS spectrum with peaks at 162.3 eV (±1 ev), 163.8 eV (±1 ev) and 68.5 eV (±1 ev), characterised in that the peak at 168.5 eV has a lower value of counts per second (CPS) than both the peak at 162.3 eV and the peak at 163.8 eV; and (ii) the copper sulfide has a copper 2p XPS spectrum with peaks at 932.0 eV (±2 ev) and 933.6 eV (±3 eV) and characterised in that the XPS spectrum does not comprise identifiable satellite peaks at 939.8 eV and 943.1 eV (±3 eV).

Kerosene boiling range or jet fuel boiling range compositions are provided that are formed from crude oils with unexpected combinations of high naphthenes to aromatics weight and/or volume ratio and a low sulfur content. The resulting kerosene boiling range fractions can have an unexpected combination of a high naphthenes to aromatics weight ratio, a low but substantial aromatics content, and a low sulfur content. Such fractions can potentially be used as fuel after a reduced or minimized amount of additional refinery processing. By reducing, minimizing, or avoiding the amount of refinery processing needed to meet fuel and/or fuel blending product specifications, the fractions derived from the high naphthenes to aromatics ratio and low sulfur crudes can provide fuels and/or fuel blending products having a reduced or minimized carbon intensity.

A method of producing a catalytic carbon fiber may include: oxidizing a virgin carbon fiber to produce an oxidized carbon fiber; reacting the oxidized carbon fiber with a polyamine compound to produce an amine modified carbon fiber; and reacting the amine modified carbon fiber with an organometallic macrocycle to produce the catalytic carbon fiber.

This invention provides a composition comprising I. at least one reaction product between a nitrogen-free monohydric alcohol and an aldehyde or ketone, and II. at least one reaction product between a monosaccharide having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and/or an oligosaccharide being formed by oligomerization of monosaccharides having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and an aldehyde or ketone, and optionally III. at least one reaction product from III.a) formaldehyde, and III.b) an amine, selected from the group consisting of primary alkyl amines having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and primary hydroxy alkyl amines having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and optionally IV. at least one solid suppression agent selected from the group consisting of IV(a). alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides IV(b). mono-, di- or tri-hydroxy alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl amines, IV(c). mono-, di- or tri-alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl primary, secondary and tertiary amines or IV(d). multifunctional amines and IV(e). mixtures of compounds of groups IV(a) to IV(c). wherein alkyl is C.sub.1 to C.sub.15, aryl is C.sub.6 to C.sub.15 and alkylaryl is C.sub.7 to C.sub.15.

The present embodiment pertains to a technique for removing at least 90% of the chlorine in high Cl content oil by performing a high-temperature treatment using solid acid substances. The oil removed Cl from a waste oil can be incorporated in a refinery process and thereby converted into fuel or a chemical product. Chlorine can be removed through a high-temperature heat treatment after mixing high Cl content oil with a solid acid material. In the process of removing Cl, major impurities, such as S, N, and O, as well as Na, Ca, and Fe, which can act as catalyst poisons in the catalytic reactions of a refinery process, are also removed at the same time.

A coalescence method and related system are disclosed herein. A multiphase dispersion feed comprising first and second liquids (i.e. where droplets of the first liquid (dispersed phase) are dispersed in the second liquid (continuous phase)) is passed through a static mechanical droplet-coalescer comprising a channel characterized by a plurality of in-series segments, each segment characterized by a segment-specific-characteristic obstacle size and having geometric features disclosed herein. In embodiments of the invention, the static mechanical droplet-coalescer promotes coalescence between droplets of first liquid to form larger droplets of first liquid. Subsequently, after the dispersion exits the coalescer, the larger droplets are easier to remove from the second liquid (continuous phase) than the smaller droplets that coalesced into the larger droplets.

Disclosed herein are carbon molecular sieves and methods of making the same through the pyrolysis of a polymer precursor in the presence of a reactive gas stream including a hydrogen source.

A method of producing liquid fuel and/or chemicals from a carbonaceous material entails combusting a conditioned syngas in pulse combustion heat exchangers of a steam reformer to help convert carbonaceous material into first reactor product gas which includes carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases. A portion of the first reactor product gas is transferred to a hydrogen reformer into which additional conditioned syngas is added and a reaction carried out to produce an improved syngas. The improved syngas is then subject to one or more gas clean-up steps to form a new conditioned syngas. A portion of the new conditioned syngas is recycled to be used as the conditioned syngas in the pulse combustion heat exchangers and in the hydrocarbon reformer. A system for carrying out the method include, a steam reformer, a hydrocarbon reformer, first and second gas-cleanup systems, a synthesis system and an upgrading system.

The present disclosure discloses a process for obtaining an aromatic lean stream and an aromatic rich stream from a hydrocarbon feed, the process comprising: (a) obtaining a hydrocarbon feed; and (b) contacting the hydrocarbon feed with a solvent selected from a group consisting of alkyl aromatic hydrophilic polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycols, and combinations thereof to obtain an aromatic lean stream and an aromatic rich stream. It further discloses a simultaneous process to obtain an aromatic lean stream and an aromatic rich stream. The present disclosure also discloses a process for obtaining de-aromatized kerosene from a hydrocarbon feed. Additionally, the present disclosure discloses a process for obtaining BTX from a hydrocarbon feed.