The present invention relates to a method of subjecting a biomass feedstock to hydropyrolysis, the method at least comprising the steps of: a) supplying a biomass feedstock and a fluidizing gas comprising hydrogen to a bulk reactor zone of a fluidized bed reactor containing a deoxygenating catalyst; b) subjecting the biomass feedstock in the bulk reactor zone of the fluidized bed reactor to a hydropyrolysis reaction by contacting the biomass feedstock with the deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of the fluidizing gas, thereby obtaining a hydropyrolysis reactor output comprising at least one non-condensable gas, a partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product and char; wherein the bulk reactor zone is cooled by means of a cooling fluid flowing through a plurality of tubes running through the bulk reactor zone, the plurality of tubes having inlets into and outlets from the bulk reactor zone; and wherein the cooling fluid flowing in the tubes at the point (‘A’) where the biomass feedstock enters the bulk reactor zone has a temperature of at least 320° C., preferably at least 340° C., more preferably at least 350° C., even more preferably at least 370° C., yet even more preferably at least 380° C.

Assemblies and methods to enhance a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process associated with a refining operation, during the FCC process, may include supplying a hydrocarbon feedstock to first processing units associated with the refining operation. The assemblies and methods also may include conditioning a hydrocarbon feedstock and unit material samples, and analyzing the samples via one or more spectroscopic analyzers. The assemblies and methods further may include prescriptively controlling, via one or more FCC process controllers, based at least in part on the hydrocarbon feedstock properties and the unit material properties, the FCC processing assembly, so that the prescriptively controlling results in causing the FCC process to produce intermediate materials, the unit materials, and/or the downstream materials having properties within selected ranges of target properties, thereby to cause the FCC process to achieve material outputs that more accurately and responsively converge on one or more of the target properties.

Present invention relates to a process for production of isomerization catalyst, containing a base of zirconia, a binder based on alumina and/or silica at-least one component of Group VI of the periodic table in the form of their oxyanions, a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component loaded on the base, at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Sn, Re or mixtures thereof, and an peptization agent, wherein the peptizing agent is an organic acid and polymers, which improve the physicochemical properties of the isomerization catalyst for the production of C4-C12 paraffin's.

A modular crude oil refinery (MCOR) is designed for smaller scale deployment with a capacity to process in the range of 3,000-4,000 barrels of crude oil per day in a single production unit and with the potential to scale to over 100,000 barrels per day with linked production units. More specifically, a MCOR includes a low temperature, low pressure primary separation reactor, condensing system and recirculation systems operating in a closed loop configuration that enable the production of both heavy and light hydrocarbon products with substantially no emissions. The MCOR has the capability to receive and process crude-oil feedstocks of varying API gravity and be controlled to produce a variety of both heavy and light products including cleaner-burning bunker fuels, jet fuels, diesel fuels, gasoline fuels and asphalt binders.

A method of recovering gaseous hydrocarbons from tank headspace includes flowing a hydrocarbon gas composition from headspace of a tank fed by a secondary separator into a compressor to form a compressed mixture. The method includes flowing the compressed mixture into a cooling unit to cool the compressed mixture, to form a cooled composition including liquid hydrocarbons. The method includes recovering the liquid hydrocarbons as a recovered liquid hydrocarbon stream.

Where thermochemical liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass is conducted using recirculated product oil as solvent, yields can be substantially increased by addition of a short chain alcohol reactant such as ethanol or methanol. A synergistic effect is thereby obtained where liquefaction is improved over using either recycled product oil or alcohol alone. The combination of re-circulated product oil and alcohol reactant permits high conversion at operating pressures considerably lower than typically applied in alcohol solvolysis, typically within the range 30-60 bar. The liquefaction reaction occurs at subcritical pressure where the alcohol acts as a gaseous reactant and not as a solvent.

A highly active and selective solid catalyst comprising stable single-atom iridium (Ir) anchored in a zeolite, e.g., ZSM-5, for upcycling of plastics, such as high-density polyethylene, to yield valuable lower molecular weight hydrocarbon products is disclosed.

In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing aromatic compounds from pyrolysis gasoline comprising C.sub.5-C.sub.6 non-aromatic hydrocarbons includes aromatizing the pyrolysis gasoline in an aromatization unit, thereby converting the C.sub.5-C.sub.6 non-aromatic hydrocarbons to a first stream comprising benzene-toluene-xylenes (BTX); hydrotreating the first stream comprising BTX in a selective hydrotreatment unit, thereby producing a de-olefinated stream comprising BTX hydrodealkylating and transalkylating the de-olefinated stream comprising BTX in a hydrodealkylation-transalkylation unit, thereby producing a second stream comprising BTX, the second stream comprising BTX having a greater amount of benzene and xylenes than the first stream comprising BTX; and processing the second stream comprising BTX in an aromatics recovery complex, thereby producing the aromatic compounds from the pyrolysis gasoline, the aromatic compounds comprising benzene, toluene, and xylenes.

The invention relates to an improved system and method for relief of hot, high pressure, fouling fluid from the 1.sup.st Stage Reactor and the ISS in case of an unintended overpressure situation while allowing the quick establishing of normal fluid flow path once the overpressure situation has been corrected. This allows for rapid cooling of all subsequent reactor stages while minimizing VGO slop generation that needs reprocessing.

Device and process for the conversion of a feedstock of aromatic compounds, in which the feedstock is treated notably by means of a fractionation train (4-7), a xylene separation unit (10) and an isomerization unit (11), and in which a pyrolysis unit (13) treats a second hydrocarbon feedstock, produces a pyrolysis effluent feeding the feedstock, and produces a pyrolysis gas comprising CO, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2; a reverse water gas shift RWGS reaction section (50) treats the pyrolysis gas and produces an RWGS gas enriched in CO and in water; a fermentation reaction section (52) treats the RWGS gas enriched in CO and in water, to produce ethanol and recycle the ethanol to the inlet of the pyrolysis unit.