The present disclosure relates to a modified gasification system (100) for producing syngas from waste materials having moisture content. The gasification system (100) has crossflow arrangement for circulation of gases across the solids present and has well-defined drying (120), pyrolysis (130) and gasification zones (140). A burner (150) of the gasification system (100) situated downstream of the pyrolysis zone (130) is configured to receive the pyrolysis product and a secondary oxidizer to produce a burner output gas and to supply the burner output gas to the pyrolysis zone (130) and gasification zone (140). The gasification zone (140) is additionally configured to receive a primary oxidizer gas and a tertiary oxidizer gas to aid gasification. The present disclosure overcomes limitation of the prior-arts and provides means of isolating the drying, pyrolysis, and gasification zones and eliminates tar formation during gasification. The gasification system (100) disclosed herein is a fully scalable equipment.

The present invention provides a nitrogen oxide ultra-low emission and carbon negative emission system and a control method, and the system comprises: a carbon negative emission system, a nitrogen oxide ultra-low emission system, an air supply device and a flow control module. The carbon negative emission system is used for enabling biomass to produce inorganic carbon and pyrolysis gas/gasification gas to realize negative emission of carbon; the nitrogen oxide ultra-low emission system is used for enabling fuel to be in mixed combustion with the pyrolysis gas/gasification gas to remove nitrogen oxides, which realizes ultra-low emission of the nitrogen oxides; the air supply device is in communication with biomass pyrolysis coupling partial gasification via a first pipeline, the air supply device is in communication with the carbon negative emission system and the nitrogen oxide ultra-low emission system via a second pipeline, and the pyrolysis gas/gasification gas enters the nitrogen oxide ultra-low emission system via the second pipeline; the flow control module controls a flow ratio of a pyrolysis agent/gasification agent entering the carbon negative emission system and flow of the pyrolysis gas/gasification gas and air entering the nitrogen oxide ultra-low emission system.

A process and apparatus for gasification of biomass. Biogenic residue may be supplied to a heating zone to dry the biomass and allow the volatile constituents to escape to generate a pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas is supplied to an oxidation zone and substoichiometrically oxidized to generate a crude gas. The carbonaceous residue generated in the heating zone and the crude gas is partially gasified in a gasification zone. The gasification forms activated carbon and a hot process gas. The activated carbon and the hot process gas are conjointly cooled. The adsorption process during the conjoined cooling has the result that tar from the hot process gas is absorbed on the activated carbon in the cooling zone. A pure gas which is substantially tar-free is obtained. The tar-enriched activated carbon may be at least partly burned for heating the heating zone and/or the gasification zone.

A device and process for the conversion of aromatic compounds, includes/uses: a unit for the separation of the xylenes suitable for treating a cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene and producing an extract comprising para-xylene and a raffinate; an isomerization unit suitable for treating the raffinate and producing an isomerate enriched in para-xylene which is sent to a fractionation train; a pyrolysis unit suitable for treating biomass, producing a pyrolysis effluent feeding, at least partially, the feedstock, and producing a pyrolysis gas comprising CO and H.sub.2; a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction section suitable for treating, at least in part, the pyrolysis gas, producing a synthesis effluent sent, at least in part, to the pyrolysis unit.

Improved processes and systems are disclosed for producing renewable hydrogen suitable for reducing metal ores, as well as for producing activated carbon. Some variations provide a process comprising: pyrolyzing biomass to generate a biogenic reagent comprising carbon and a pyrolysis off-gas; converting the pyrolysis off-gas to additional reducing gas and/or heat; reacting at least some of the biogenic reagent with a reactant to generate a reducing gas; and chemically reducing a metal oxide in the presence of the reducing gas. Some variations provide a process for producing renewable hydrogen by biomass pyrolysis to generate a biogenic reagent, conversion of the biogenic reagent to a reducing gas, and separation and recovery of hydrogen from the reducing gas. A reducing-gas composition for reducing a metal oxide is provided, comprising renewable hydrogen according to a hydrogen-isotope analysis. Reacted biogenic reagent may also be recovered as an activated carbon product. Many variations are disclosed.

An organic material gasification system is configured such that a carbonization furnace provided with a first air supply mechanism that radiates high-temperature combustion air and high-temperature steam to an organic material combustion region and with a second air supply mechanism that supplies combustion air to an exhaust gas combustion region, to discharge high-temperature exhaust gas is connected to a gasification furnace including a heating unit penetrating through a reactor. A carbide from the carbonization furnace is supplied to the reactor, and the high-temperature exhaust gas from the carbonization furnace is supplied to the heating unit, so that the carbonization efficiency and the carbonization quality are improved and the gasification efficiency is improved.

A gasification apparatus has a primary chamber with a floor comprising a hearth and feedstock augers, for gasification of feedstock. There is a mixing chamber for receiving through an opening synthetic gases from the primary chamber and comprising an air inlet fan for adding oxygen for ignition. There is also a secondary chamber linked with the mixing chamber to deliver heat from combustion of gases from the mixing chamber to the hearth. An outlet valve delivers gases from the secondary chamber through a heat exchanger and to an induce draft fan. A controller dynamically controls flow of gases in the chambers according to sensed pressures and temperatures in said chambers.

The invention provides a carbonaceous feed pyrolysis apparatus including two or more hot particle fluidised beds, and material transfer means for the transfer of hot catalyst particles between two or more of the beds, wherein one or more of the 5 fluidised beds is a gasifier which contains a gasification zone and one or more of the fluidised beds is a pyrolysis reactor which contains a pyrolysis zone, so that the particles are recirculated and serve as an energy carrier to drive pyrolysis in the pyrolysis zone. The invention extends to a carbonaceous feed pyrolysis process using said apparatus.

A system and process for the resultant gas constituent-controlled gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock uses feedback loop-controlled pyrolysis to produce a stable and predictable gas product from a variable or unknown feedstock, such as MSW, that may include methane, ethane, and other desirable hydrocarbon gases, and a solid product, that includes activated Carbon or Carbon.

A gasification apparatus has a primary chamber with a floor comprising a hearth and feedstock augers, for gasification of feedstock. There is a mixing chamber for receiving through an opening synthetic gases from the primary chamber and comprising an air inlet fan for adding oxygen for ignition. There is also a secondary chamber linked with the mixing chamber to deliver heat from combustion of gases from the mixing chamber to the hearth. An outlet valve delivers gases from the secondary chamber through a heat exchanger and to an induce draft fan. A controller dynamically controls flow of gases in the chambers according to sensed pressures and temperatures in said chambers.