A hydrogen composition having a recycle content value is obtained by processing a recycle content feedstock to make a recycle content hydrogen or by deducting from a recycle inventory a recycle content value applied to a hydrogen composition. At least a portion of the recycle content value in the feedstock or in an allotment obtained by a hydrogen manufacturer has its origin in recycled waste plastics.

A system and method for producing Syngas from the CO.sub.2 in a gaseous stream, such as an exhaust stream, from a power plant or industrial plant, like a cement kiln, is disclosed. A preferred embodiment includes providing the gaseous stream to pyrolysis reactor along with a carbon source such as coke. The CO.sub.2 and carbon are heated to about 1330° C. and at about one atmosphere with reactants such as steam such that a reaction takes place that produces Syngas, carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and hydrogen (H.sub.2). The Syngas is then cleaned and provided to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor to produce Ethanol or Bio-catalytic synthesis reactor.

In some examples, a vapor phase product and a liquid phase product can be separated from a heated mixture that includes steam and a hydrocarbon. The vapor phase product can be steam cracked to produce a steam cracker effluent. The steam cracker effluent can be contacted with a quench fluid to produce a cooled steam cracker effluent. The steam cracker effluent can be at a temperature of >300° C. when initially contacted with the quench fluid. A tar product and a process gas that can include ethylene and propylene can be separated from the cooled steam cracker effluent. The tar product can be hydroprocessed to produce a first hydroprocessed product. A hydroprocessor heavy product and a utility fluid product can be separated from the first hydroprocessed product. The quench fluid can be or include at least a portion of the utility fluid product.

A gasifier system that combines the use of dirty fuels with clean fuels such as biomass. The heat created produces steam for the co-generation of mechanical power and electricity. The dirty fuels are converted in a gasifier or a pyrolyzer into various useful products that include syngas, heat, and oils. Syngas that is produced by the dirty fuels normally emits pollutants when combusted that require scrubbing. However, when the syngas is combusted into a biomass gasifier the dirty fuel emissions are scrubbed by being reformed into a much cleaner syngas/producer gas. Heat transferred from the dirty fuels gasifier/pyrolyzer syngas increases the efficiency of the clean fuels gasifier that results in increased amounts of steam for electricity/power production. In lieu of producing steam, the syngas from the clean fuel gasifier can be used to fuel an engine for power production. Other outputs from the clean-fuels gasifier include biochar and ash.

In some examples, a vapor phase product and a liquid phase product can be separated from a heated mixture that includes steam and a hydrocarbon. The vapor phase product can be steam cracked to produce a steam cracker effluent. The steam cracker effluent can be contacted with a quench fluid to produce a cooled steam cracker effluent. The steam cracker effluent can be at a temperature of >300° C. when initially contacted with the quench fluid. A tar product and a process gas that can include ethylene and propylene can be separated from the cooled steam cracker effluent. The tar product can be hydroprocessed to produce a first hydroprocessed product. A hydroprocessor heavy product and a utility fluid product can be separated from the first hydroprocessed product. The quench fluid can be or include at least a portion of the utility fluid product.

Apparatus and process for producing hydrocarbons from biomass having a pyrolysis reactor (2) in which dry biomass (Bd) is heated in an environment substantially free from oxygen and halogens, a pyrolysis product (PP) and char (C) is produced, a gasification reactor (3) in which separated char (C) is heated in an environment containing steam (Wst) to reduce the char (C) to produce a synthesis gas (Sh), a gas cooler (4) in which the produced synthesis gas (Sh) is cooled to a cooled synthesis gas (Srt); a conditioning and pressure system (5) in which cooled synthesis gas (Srt) is refined to produce a purified synthesis gas (Sp), and a separation device (6) in which hydrogen gas (H2) is separated from purified synthesis gas (Sp). A hydrogenation device (7) into which pyrolysis oil (PO) retrieved from the pyrolysis product (PP) and separated hydrogen gas (H2) recuperated from the separation device (6) are introduced for hydrogenation in which pyrolysis oil (PO) is hydrogenated by the presence of hydrogen gas (H2), and hydrocarbons (BO) that are substantially free from oxygen are produced.

An optimized gasification/vitrification processing system having a gasification unit which converts organic materials to a hydrogen rich gas and ash in communication with a joule heated vitrification unit which converts the ash formed in the gasification unit into glass, and a plasma which converts elemental carbon and products of incomplete combustion formed in the gasification unit into a hydrogen rich gas.

An apparatus and process are disclosed for producing hydrocarbons from biomass, the apparatus comprising: a pyrolysis reactor (2) in which dry biomass (Bd) is heated in an environment substantially free from oxygen and halogens, wherein a pyrolysis product (PP) and char (C) is produced; a gasification reactor (3) in which the separated char (C) is heated in an environment containing steam (Wst) so as to reduce said char (C) to produce a synthesis gas (Sh), a gas cooler (4) in which the produced synthesis gas (Sh) is cooled to a cooled synthesis gas (Srt); a conditioning and pressure system (5), in which the cooled synthesis gas (Srt) is refined so as to produce a purified synthesis gas (Sp); a separation device (6), in which hydrogen gas (H2) is separated from the purified synthesis gas (Sp). The apparatus also comprises a hydrogenation device (7), into which pyrolysis oil (PO) retrieved from the pyrolysis product (PP), and at least a portion of the separated hydrogen gas (H2) recuperated from the separation device (6) are introduced for a hydrogenation step, in which the pyrolysis oil (PO) is hydrogenated by the presence of the hydrogen gas (H2), wherein hydrocarbons (BO) that are substantially free from oxygen are produced.

In accordance with one or more embodiments herein, an integrated process for upgrading a hydrocarbon oil feed stream utilizing a gasification unit, steam enhanced catalytic cracker, and an aromatics complex includes solvent deasphalting the hydrocarbon oil stream; processing the heavy residual hydrocarbons in a gasification unit to form syngas and gasification residue; hydrotreating the deasphalted oil stream to form a light C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream and a heavy C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream; steam enhanced catalytically cracking the light C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream; steam enhanced catalytically cracking the heavy C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream; passing at least a portion of the light steam enhanced catalytically cracked stream, the heavy steam enhanced catalytically cracked stream, or both to a product separator to produce a olefin product stream, a naphtha product stream, and a BTX product stream; and processing the naphtha product stream in the aromatics complex to produce benzene and xylenes.

An integrated process for upgrading a hydrocarbon oil feed stream includes solvent deasphalting the hydrocarbon oil stream; processing the heavy residual hydrocarbons in a gasification unit to form syngas and gasification residue; hydrotreating the deasphalted oil stream to form a C.sub.3-C.sub.4 hydrocarbon stream, a light C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream, and a heavy C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream; dehydrogenating the C.sub.3-C.sub.4 hydrocarbon stream to form propylene and butylene; steam enhanced catalytically cracking the light C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream; steam enhanced catalytically cracking the heavy C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream; passing at least a portion of the light steam enhanced catalytically cracked stream, the heavy steam enhanced catalytically cracked stream, or both to a product separator to produce a olefin product stream, a naphtha product stream, and a BTX product stream; and processing the naphtha product stream in the aromatics complex to produce benzene and xylenes.