A fuel stabilizer formulation includes a hybrid component that acts as an antioxidant, a chelating agent, and lubricant when added to the fuel, one or more vapor suppressants, and a water scavenger. Furthermore, the formulation may include components that bond with gasoline compounds to prevent evaporation of low-end components, form a layer along with the engine metal that prevents condensed water from corroding the metal, prevent corroded metal ions from destabilizing gasoline compounds into resin, and scavenge water to prevent water deposits at the bottom of the tank which limits biological activity, resulting in an overall improvement in oxidation stability over conventional fuel stabilizers.

A composition comprising at least one fuel that is a diesel fuel, a biodiesel fuel, or combinations thereof and less than 100 ppm, less than 50 ppm (or less than 25 ppm, less than 10 ppm, 1 to 7 ppm, or 5 to 7 ppm) of an alkylene-coupled C.sub.10 to C.sub.60 (or C.sub.10 to C.sub.40, C.sub.14 to C.sub.32 or C.sub.24 to C.sub.28) alkylphenol; 25 to 500 ppm (or 50 to 500 ppm, or 150 to 450 ppm or 250 to 450 ppm, or 250 to 400 ppm) of a terpolymer; and 5 to 90 ppm, (or 10 to 70 ppm, to 60 ppm, or 10 to 55 ppm) of hydrocarbyl-substituted amine detergent having at least one tertiary amino group.

Methods of reducing the cold filter plugging point (“CFPP”) of a fuel, said method comprising adding the following components: less than 100 ppm, less than 50 ppm (or less than 25 ppm; less than 10 ppm, 1 to 7 ppm, or 5 to 7 ppm) of an alkylene-coupled C.sub.10 to C.sub.60 (or C.sub.10 to C.sub.40, C.sub.14 to C.sub.32 or C.sub.24 to C.sub.28) alkylphenol; 25 to 500 ppm (or 50 to 500 ppm, or 150 to 450 ppm or 250 to 450 ppm, or 250 to 400 ppm) of a terpolymer; and 5 to 90 ppm, (or 10 to 70 ppm, to 60 ppm, or 10 to 55 ppm) of hydrocarbyl-substituted amine detergent having at least one tertiary amino group.

Uses of a fuel additive composition to reduce the cold filter plugging point (“CFPP”) of a fuel, wherein the fuel additive composition comprises: 0.2 to 3 wt % of an alkylene-coupled C.sub.10 to C.sub.60 (or C.sub.10 to C.sub.40, C.sub.14 to C.sub.32 or C.sub.24 to C.sub.28) alkylphenol; 10 to 50 wt % of a terpolymer; and 2 to 10 wt % of hydrocarbyl-substituted amine detergent having at least one tertiary amino group; and an optional solvent.

A process and system for separating bio-gasoline, bio-diesel and bio-fuel oil fractions from a bio-oil, and for producing a renewable gasoline including at least in part the bio-gasoline fraction, is provided. The process comprises separating bio-oil into a bio-gasoline fraction and a heavy fraction based on their boiling points. At least a portion of the bio-gasoline fraction is directly blended with a petroleum-derived gasoline, without any prior hydrotreatment, to thereby provide a renewable gasoline composition.

A synthetic fuel is provided. The synthetic fuel includes a base fuel having a first energy density and a compound, the compound including a water absorbing agent for absorbing water from the base fuel to prevent poor combustion and an explosive agent having a detonative energy value that is sufficient so as to provide the compound with a second energy density equal to or greater than the first energy density.

The use of tetrahydrobenzoxazines I ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl radical and R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or hydrocarbyl radicals, and where R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 may also form a second and a third tetrahydrooxazine ring, with the proviso that at least one of the substituents has from 4 to 3000 carbon atoms and the remaining substituents, when they are hydrocarbyl radicals, each have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, as stabilizers for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially turbine fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

Provided herein are processes and microorganisms which utilize both protein hydrolysates and carbohydrates from biomass feedstocks to produce renewable hydrocarbon compositions. Advantages of the disclosed methods may be recognized in fuel blends comprising such hydrocarbon compositions.

There is provided an emulsifier comprising at least one C.sub.8 to C.sub.18 fatty acid diethanolamide, at least one C.sub.12 to C.sub.24 fatty acid, at least one C.sub.6 to C.sub.18 alcohol ethoxylate and optionally at least one sorbitan ester and/or at least one alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether. There is additionally provided emulsions comprising a fuel, water and an emulsifier and methods of producing emulsions.

The subject matter of the present invention is a fuel composition which comprises —at least 85% by weight of one or more fractions of hydrocarbons having a distillation range within the range extending from 100 to 400° C. and having a paraffin content greater than or equal to 90% by weight; —at least a first additive consisting of a particular quaternary ammonium salt; and —at least a second additive consisting of a phenolic antioxidant. The subject matter of the invention is also the use of a composition of additives comprising said first and second additives, for improving at least one property of a paraffin-rich fuel composition.

A diesel fuel composition as disclosed includes a fossil diesel component, a fatty acid methyl esters component, and a hydrotreated renewable paraffinic diesel component. A method is disclosed for producing the diesel composition and use thereof. Use of the hydrotreated renewable paraffinic diesel component as an oxidation stability improver is further disclosed.

An additive composition for a marine fuel or a heating oil comprising a stabilized colloidal dispersion of catalytic metal particles, a neutral or overbased alkaline earth metal detergent and a carrier fluid miscible with a marine fuel oil, a heavy fuel oil, a marine distillate fuel, and/or a residual fuel oil. Also provided are marine fuel and/or heating oil compositions having the additive composition described above and associated methods and uses.