Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.

In one embodiment, an alkylphenol copolymer is disclosed wherein the copolymer comprises at least one alkylphenol monomer and the alkylphenol copolymer exhibits the following: an oscillation displacement Θ of greater than 0 at a temperature of −5° C. in a first oscillation temperature sweep and an oscillation displacement Θ in a second oscillation temperature sweep within 25% of the oscillation displacement Θ in the first oscillation temperature sweep at a temperature of −5° C. In a further embodiment, a petroleum composition is disclosed wherein the composition comprises a petroleum source and a macromolecular compound wherein the macromolecular compound exhibits the following: an oscillation displacement Θ of greater than 0 at a temperature of −10° C. in a first oscillation temperature sweep, and an oscillation displacement Θ in a second oscillation temperature sweep within 25% of the oscillation displacement Θ in the first oscillation temperature sweep at a temperature of −10° C.

In one embodiment, an alkylphenol copolymer is disclosed wherein the copolymer comprises at least one alkylphenol monomer and the alkylphenol copolymer exhibits the following: an oscillation displacement Θ of greater than 0 at a temperature of −5° C. in a first oscillation temperature sweep and an oscillation displacement Θ in a second oscillation temperature sweep within 25% of the oscillation displacement Θ in the first oscillation temperature sweep at a temperature of −5° C. In a further embodiment, a petroleum composition is disclosed wherein the composition comprises a petroleum source and a macromolecular compound wherein the macromolecular compound exhibits the following: an oscillation displacement Θ of greater than 0 at a temperature of −10° C. in a first oscillation temperature sweep, and an oscillation displacement Θ in a second oscillation temperature sweep within 25% of the oscillation displacement Θ in the first oscillation temperature sweep at a temperature of −10° C.

In one embodiment, an alkylphenol copolymer is disclosed wherein the copolymer comprises at least one alkylphenol monomer and the alkylphenol copolymer exhibits the following: an oscillation displacement Θ of greater than 0 at a temperature of −5° C. in a first oscillation temperature sweep and an oscillation displacement Θ in a second oscillation temperature sweep within 25% of the oscillation displacement Θ in the first oscillation temperature sweep at a temperature of −5° C. In a further embodiment, a petroleum composition is disclosed wherein the composition comprises a petroleum source and a macromolecular compound wherein the macromolecular compound exhibits the following: an oscillation displacement Θ of greater than 0 at a temperature of −10° C. in a first oscillation temperature sweep, and an oscillation displacement Θ in a second oscillation temperature sweep within 25% of the oscillation displacement Θ in the first oscillation temperature sweep at a temperature of −10° C.

In one embodiment, an alkylphenol copolymer is disclosed wherein the copolymer comprises at least one alkylphenol monomer and the alkylphenol copolymer exhibits the following: an oscillation displacement Θ of greater than 0 at a temperature of −5° C. in a first oscillation temperature sweep and an oscillation displacement Θ in a second oscillation temperature sweep within 25% of the oscillation displacement Θ in the first oscillation temperature sweep at a temperature of −5° C. In a further embodiment, a petroleum composition is disclosed wherein the composition comprises a petroleum source and a macromolecular compound wherein the macromolecular compound exhibits the following: an oscillation displacement Θ of greater than 0 at a temperature of −10° C. in a first oscillation temperature sweep, and an oscillation displacement Θ in a second oscillation temperature sweep within 25% of the oscillation displacement Θ in the first oscillation temperature sweep at a temperature of −10° C.

A fuel composition comprising as an additive the reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid having no more than 5 carbon atoms per carboxylic acid group, or an anhydride thereof and an alcohol having at least 5 carbon atoms.

A fuel oil composition comprising a blended fuel oil having a sulfur content of less than 5000 ppm and an additive wherein the additive is a copolymer comprising maleic anhydride derived units and α-olefin derived units.

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.