An experimental method for coal desulfurization and deashing using permeation and solvating power of a supercritical fluid includes the following steps. The coal sample is ground and loaded into an extraction kettle with a cover. An inlet valve and an outlet valve of the extraction kettle are opened to circulate the supercritical CO.sub.2 fluid in the extraction kettle. The extraction kettle is sealed. By adjusting a temperature and a pressure in the extraction kettle, the supercritical CO.sub.2 fluid is kept at its critical point and permeates the coal sample to dissolve organic sulfur, inorganic sulfur and ash in the coal sample. The extraction kettle is depressurized, and the temperature in the extraction kettle is adjusted to gasify the supercritical CO.sub.2 fluid. The organic sulfur, the inorganic sulfur and part of the ash are separated from the supercritical CO.sub.2 fluid and precipitated at a bottom of the extraction kettle.

A dynamically adjustable rate sulfur recovery process continuously calculates and adjusts sour gas stream operating pressure and/or flow rate to maximize sweet gas output, thereby improving efficiency. A corresponding desulfurization system may include a fixed-sized pressure vessel, a flow control valve that controls the rate of flow of a sour gas stream into the pressure vessel, a sensor that measures sulfur concentration in the sour gas stream, a reagent tank, an oxidizer tank, and a phase separator that separates sweet gas as a gaseous phase after hydrogen sulfide in the sour gas stream in the pressure vessel is converted to elemental sulfur, sulfur species, or both by contact with reagent from the reagent tank and oxidizer from the oxidizer tank. A PLC (programmable logic controller) continuously calculates updated flow rates based on sulfur concentration measurements from the sensor to achieve maximum sweet gas production.

The invention concerns a purification method comprising: providing a flow comprising a glycol, monovalent ions and multivalent ions; treating this flow with ion exclusion chromatography comprising: injecting the flow into a chromatographic unit comprising an ion exchange stationary phase; injecting an eluent into the chromatographic unit; collecting a fraction at the outlet of the chromatographic unit; the collected fraction being enriched with glycol and depleted of monovalent ions and multivalent ions relative to the flow. The invention also concerns an installation adapted to implement this method, and its application to the regeneration of an anti-hydrate agent.

Provided is a composition for removing a sulfur-containing compound contained in at least one of a liquid and gas, the sulfur-containing compound being at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen sulfide and an SH group-containing compound, the composition containing an aldehyde and an amine whose conjugate acid has a pKa value of 11.3 or higher in water at 25 C.

A process for producing a deacidified fluid stream from a fluid stream comprising methanol and at least one acid gas, comprising a) an absorption step in which the fluid stream is contacted with an absorbent in an absorber to obtain an absorbent laden with methanol and acid gases and an least partly deacidified fluid stream; b) a regeneration step in which at least a portion of the laden absorbent obtained from step a) is regenerated in a regenerator to obtain an at least partly regenerated absorbent and a gaseous stream comprising methanol, water and at least one acid gas; c) a recycling step in which at least a substream of the regenerated absorbent from step b) is recycled into the absorption step a); d) a condensation step in which a condensate comprising methanol and water is condensed out of the gaseous stream from step b); e) a distillation step in which at least a portion of the condensate from step d) is guided into a distillation column to obtain a top stream comprising methanol and a bottom stream comprising water;

which comprises recycling at least a portion of the bottom stream from step e) into the regenerator.

An apparatus for deacidifying a fluid stream, comprising methanol and at least one acid gas, according to claim 1, comprising a) an absorber comprising an absorption zone, at least one feed for absorbent, a feed for the fluid stream to be deacidified, a liquid draw for the laden absorbent, a draw point for the deacidified fluid stream and optionally a rescrubbing zone with a feed for scrubbing agent; b) a regenerator comprising a regeneration zone, an evaporator, a feed for the laden absorbent, a liquid draw in the bottom of the regenerator and a gas draw in the top region of the regenerator; c) at least one top condenser connected to the gas draw of the regenerator, comprising a gas draw and a condensate outlet; and d) a distillation column comprising a condenser, an evaporator, a feed for the condensate outlet of the top condenser, a vapor draw in the top region of the column and a liquid draw at the bottom of the distillation column,

wherein the regenerator has a feed connected to the liquid draw at the bottom of the distillation column.

Methods and systems for the biological conversion of pretreated or solubilized coal or waste coal into biofuels. Coal (10) may be pretreated perhaps in a pretreatment reactor (13). Pretreated coal or even solubilized coal may be introduced into a processing reactor such as a bioreactor (16) containing a plurality of microorganisms (9) such as oleaginous microorganisms which can convert at least some of the pretreated or solubilized coal into lipids (19) or biomass (18), which then may be used directly or as a precursor for various products such as biofuels, feedstock, or the like.

A process and apparatus for removing hydrogen sulphide from a gas is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of: providing a gas comprising hydrogen sulphide; supplying oxygen for the process if the gas does not comprise oxygen, or does not comprise sufficient oxygen for converting hydrogen sulphide to elementary sulphur; leading the mixture of gas and, if supplied, oxygen to a tank comprising i) a foam forming liquid, such as a scrubber liquid and ii) a foam layer made from said foam forming liquid on the top of the foam forming liquid where the hydrogen sulphide in the gas is oxidized to elementary sulphur to form a cleaned gas removed from hydrogen sulphide.

A process for producing a deacidified fluid stream from a fluid stream comprising methanol and at least one acid gas, comprising a) an absorption step in which the fluid stream is contacted with an absorbent in an absorber to obtain an absorbent laden with methanol and acid gases and an least partly deacidified fluid stream; b) a regeneration step in which at least a portion of the laden absorbent obtained from step a) is regenerated in a regenerator to obtain an at least partly regenerated absorbent and a gaseous stream comprising methanol and at least one acid gas; c) a recycling step in which at least a substream of the regenerated absorbent from step b) is recycled into the absorption step a); d) a condensation step in which a condensate comprising methanol is condensed out of the gaseous stream from step b);
wherein the regenerator additionally comprises a rescrubbing section, and the condensate from step d) is recycled into the regenerator partly in the upper region of the rescrubbing zone or above the rescrubbing zone.

The present invention refers to a method for treating agricultural or forestry or urban origin biomass or mixture of different origin's biomass feedstocks, low quality coal such as peat, lignite or subbituminous or/and bituminous coal, or/and mixtures of them, garbage and urban/industrial wastes, solid and/or liquid state, as well as sewage treatment plant sludges by means of removal of inorganic elements, such as silica, potassium, sodium, chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen and heavy metals such as zinc, mercury, copper, lead, chromium, etc., and the addition of new inorganic elements such as calcium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, yttrium, aluminum and ammonium, in order to produce a purified and upgraded solid and/or liquid material which can be used as raw material in thermochemical conversion processes such as combustion, flash (t<1 sec)/fast pyrolysis (1<t<10 sec), as well as in the gasification for the production of energy, and/or hydrogen-rich gas and liquid hydrocarbons.

Operating a natural gas processing plant, including receiving feed natural gas and processing the feed natural gas to give product natural gas. The processing includes removing acid gas, water, and non-methane hydrocarbons from the feed natural gas. The method includes providing fuel to a furnace and combusting the fuel in the furnace to heat a boiler to generate steam. The method generating steam with an HRSG. The method includes subjecting blowdown water from the boiler and the HRSG to electrolysis, thereby generating hydrogen gas. The method includes combining the hydrogen gas with the fuel and combusting the hydrogen gas in the furnace.