Described are methods for shortening the combustion delay of ammonia fuels and reducing the amount of NO formed during the combustion process. The methods include mixing ammonia with hydrogen peroxide and water to form a fuel mixture and then combusting the fuel mixture. Methods of powering an internal combustion engine with ammonia fuels are also described.

Described are methods for shortening the combustion delay of ammonia fuels and reducing the amount of NO formed during the combustion process. The methods include mixing ammonia with hydrogen peroxide and water to form a fuel mixture and then combusting the fuel mixture. Methods of powering an internal combustion engine with ammonia fuels are also described.

Fine coal is cleaned of its mineral matter impurities and dewatered by mixing the aqueous slurry containing both with a hydrophobic liquid, subjecting the mixture to a phase separation. The resulting hydrophobic liquid phase contains coal particles free of surface moisture and droplets of water stabilized by coal particles, while the aqueous phase contains the mineral matter. By separating the entrained water droplets from the coal particles mechanically, a clean coal product of substantially reduced mineral matter and moisture contents is obtained. The spent hydrophobic liquid is separated from the clean coal product and recycled. The process can also be used to separate one type of hydrophilic particles from another by selectively hydrophobizing one.

Described are methods for shortening the combustion delay of ammonia fuels and reducing the amount of NO formed during the combustion process. The methods include mixing ammonia with hydrogen peroxide and water to form a fuel mixture and then combusting the fuel mixture. Methods of powering an internal combustion engine with ammonia fuels are also described.

Described are methods for shortening the combustion delay of ammonia fuels and reducing the amount of NO formed during the combustion process. The methods include mixing ammonia with hydrogen peroxide and water to form a fuel mixture and then combusting the fuel mixture. Methods of powering an internal combustion engine with ammonia fuels are also described.

The present invention relates to the additive for solid fuel combustion processes (coal, biomass) that both improves fuel efficiency, reduces fuel consumption, and has the ability to prevent sludge formation in combustion chamber and reduce pollutant emission, ensuring stable and highly efficient furnace operation even when using bad-quality fuel. The additive includes the activator component with high polarity; the active component capable of generating active sites; the auxiliary component capable of promoting the generation of active centers; the stabilizing component able to regulate the physicochemical properties and helping to create a stable additive according to the ratio of components (% mass) as follows: Activator component: 20-30 Active component: 50-60 Auxiliary component: 5-9 Stabilizing component: 1-5, and Solvent: suitable

In addition, the invention also relates to the production process for this additive.

The present invention relates to the additive for solid fuel combustion processes (coal, biomass) that both improves fuel efficiency, reduces fuel consumption, and has the ability to prevent sludge formation in combustion chamber and reduce pollutant emission, ensuring stable and highly efficient furnace operation even when using bad-quality fuel. The additive includes the activator component with high polarity; the active component capable of generating active sites; the auxiliary component capable of promoting the generation of active centers; the stabilizing component able to regulate the physicochemical properties and helping to create a stable additive according to the ratio of components (% mass) as follows: Activator component: 20-30 Active component: 50-60 Auxiliary component: 5-9 Stabilizing component: 1-5, and Solvent: suitable

In addition, the invention also relates to the production process for this additive.

A method for manufacturing biomass based fuel configured to reduce chemical and/or mechanical effects of flue gas on heat transfer surfaces is described. The method comprises providing biomass and steam into a reactor; maintaining said biomass and said steam simultaneously in the reactor, in a pressure of at least 10 bar(a) and at a temperature from 180 C. to 250 C. for at least 2 minutes; and decreasing the pressure in the reactor and/or conveying biomass out of the reactor such that the pressure of the environment of the biomass decreases below 5 bar(a), to produce steam-exploded biomass. The method further comprises adding some combustion additive to the biomass and/or the steam-exploded biomass.

A method for manufacturing biomass based fuel configured to reduce chemical and/or mechanical effects of flue gas on heat transfer surfaces is described. The method comprises providing biomass and steam into a reactor; maintaining said biomass and said steam simultaneously in the reactor, in a pressure of at least 10 bar(a) and at a temperature from 180 C. to 250 C. for at least 2 minutes; and decreasing the pressure in the reactor and/or conveying biomass out of the reactor such that the pressure of the environment of the biomass decreases below 5 bar(a), to produce steam-exploded biomass. The method further comprises adding some combustion additive to the biomass and/or the steam-exploded biomass.

The invention relates to the use of engineered fuel feedstocks to control the emission of sulfur-based, chlorine-based, nitrogen-based, or mercury-based pollutants, such as SO.sub.2, SO.sub.3, H.sub.2SO.sub.4, NO, NO.sub.2, HCl, and Hg that are generated during the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal. Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feedstocks, feedstocks produced by the described processes, methods of making the fuel feedstocks, methods of producing energy from the fuel feedstocks, and methods of generating electricity from the fuel feedstocks.