Provided are: an ionic liquid including the fluorine-containing phosphate ester anions represented by formula (1); and a lubricating oil composition including said ionic liquid. ##STR00001## (In the formula, Rf represents a C1-14 perfluoroalkyl group. R.sup.1 represents a C1-8 alkyl group.)

Provided are: an ionic liquid including the fluorine-containing phosphate ester anions represented by formula (1); and a lubricating oil composition including said ionic liquid. ##STR00001## (In the formula, Rf represents a C1-14 perfluoroalkyl group. R.sup.1 represents a C1-8 alkyl group.)

The present invention relates to a composition for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one base oil and at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I)
R.sub.F-L-R.sub.H  (I) in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R.sub.H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker. The invention also relates to the use of at least one fire retardant of formula (I), in a composition for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, including at least one battery, to give it ignition-resistance properties. Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting a battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery, in particular a lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium battery, in contact with a composition according to the invention.

Provided are: an ionic liquid including the fluorine-containing phosphate ester anions represented by formula (1); and a lubricating oil composition including said ionic liquid.

##STR00001##

(In the formula, Rf represents a C1-14 perfluoroalkyl group. R.sup.1 represents a C1-8 alkyl group.)

Provided are: an ionic liquid including the fluorine-containing phosphate ester anions represented by formula (1); and a lubricating oil composition including said ionic liquid.

##STR00001##

(In the formula, Rf represents a C1-14 perfluoroalkyl group. R.sup.1 represents a C1-8 alkyl group.)

An ionic liquid comprising: a cation (or conjugate acid), wherein the cation (or conjugate acid) is represented by General Formula (A) below or General Formula (B) below or General Formula (C) or General Formula (D) below or General Formula (E) below: ##STR00001## wherein R.sub.1 represents CH.sub.2CH.sub.2(CF.sub.2).sub.nCF.sub.3, where n is an integer ranging from 0 to 7, or an alkyl chain CH.sub.3, or CH.sub.2OH, or CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH; R.sub.2 represents CH.sub.2CH.sub.2(CF.sub.2).sub.nCF.sub.3, where n is an integer ranging from 0 to 7, or a hydrogen atom H, or CH.sub.2OH, or CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH; and R.sub.3 represents CH.sub.2CH.sub.2(CF.sub.2).sub.nCF.sub.3, where n is an integer ranging from 0 to 7.

Aspects described herein generally relate to methods of making a phosphono paraffin comprising forming a reaction mixture by mixing a haloparaffin, a phosphite, and sodium iodide. Methods comprise heating the reaction mixture to form the phosphono paraffin. Aspects described herein further relate to a phosphono paraffin represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein each instance of R.sup.1 is independently ##STR00002##
wherein each instance of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently linear or branched C.sub.1-20 alkyl, C.sub.1-20 cycloalkyl, or aryl; the number of instances where R.sup.1 is ##STR00003##
of formula (I) is between about 2 and about 8; and n is an integer between 4 and 22.

Aspects described herein generally relate to methods of making a phosphono paraffin comprising forming a reaction mixture by mixing a haloparaffin, a phosphite, and sodium iodide. Methods comprise heating the reaction mixture to form the phosphono paraffin. Aspects described herein further relate to a phosphono paraffin represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein each instance of R.sup.1 is independently ##STR00002##
wherein each instance of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently linear or branched C.sub.1-20 alkyl, C.sub.1-20 cycloalkyl, or aryl; the number of instances where R.sup.1 is ##STR00003##
of formula (I) is between about 2 and about 8; and n is an integer between 4 and 22.

The present invention relates to a multifunctional lubricant composition which serves as a base oil for lubrication or as an additive for lubrication, including, with respect to 100 parts by mass of phosphorus compound (A) having a specific structure specified in the Description, 26 parts by mass to 43 parts by mass of phosphorus compound (B) having a specific structure specified in the Description, 0 parts by mass to 1.3 parts by mass of phosphorus compound (C) having a specific structure specified in the Description, and a total of 0 parts by mass to 1.3 parts by mass of triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate.

The present invention relates to a multifunctional lubricant composition which serves as a base oil for lubrication or as an additive for lubrication, including, with respect to 100 parts by mass of phosphorus compound (A) having a specific structure specified in the Description, 26 parts by mass to 43 parts by mass of phosphorus compound (B) having a specific structure specified in the Description, 0 parts by mass to 1.3 parts by mass of phosphorus compound (C) having a specific structure specified in the Description, and a total of 0 parts by mass to 1.3 parts by mass of triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate.