The present invention relates to a refrigerator oil containing (A) a mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40 C. of 0.50 mm.sup.2/s or more and 8.00 mm.sup.2/s or less, (B) a polyphosphate ester-based compound, and (C) a dissolution aid for the component (B).

The present invention relates to a refrigerator oil containing (A) a mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40 C. of 0.50 mm.sup.2/s or more and 8.00 mm.sup.2/s or less, (B) a polyphosphate ester-based compound, and (C) a dissolution aid for the component (B).

The present invention provides a magnetic viscous fluid and a mechanical device with both improved drag force during excitation and improved rubber-resistant properties. The magnetic viscous fluid comprises a magnetic particle and base oil, wherein the base oil comprises ester base oil and non-polar base oil, and a non-polarity index of the base oil is in the range of 10 to 45.

The present invention provides a magnetic viscous fluid and a mechanical device with both improved drag force during excitation and improved rubber-resistant properties. The magnetic viscous fluid comprises a magnetic particle and base oil, wherein the base oil comprises ester base oil and non-polar base oil, and a non-polarity index of the base oil is in the range of 10 to 45.

Gear oil compositions including a first oil basestock and a second basestock. The first basestock includes a Group II bright stock having a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445, 40 C.) of from 250 mm.sup.2/s to 600 mm.sup.2/s, a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445, 100 C.) of from 20 mm.sup.2/s to 70 mm.sup.2/s, a viscosity index (ASTM D2270) of from 80 to 120, and a pour point (ASTM D97) of from 50 C. to 20 C. The second basestock includes a polyalphaolefin (PAO) basestock having a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445, 40 C.) of from 500 mm.sup.2/s to 3500 mm.sup.2/s, a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445, 100 C.) of from 60 mm.sup.2/s to 300 mm.sup.2/s, a viscosity index (ASTM D2270) of from 150 to 250, and a pour point (ASTM D97) of from 50 C. to 20 C.

Gear oil compositions including a first oil basestock and a second basestock. The first basestock includes a Group II bright stock having a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445, 40 C.) of from 250 mm.sup.2/s to 600 mm.sup.2/s, a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445, 100 C.) of from 20 mm.sup.2/s to 70 mm.sup.2/s, a viscosity index (ASTM D2270) of from 80 to 120, and a pour point (ASTM D97) of from 50 C. to 20 C. The second basestock includes a polyalphaolefin (PAO) basestock having a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445, 40 C.) of from 500 mm.sup.2/s to 3500 mm.sup.2/s, a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445, 100 C.) of from 60 mm.sup.2/s to 300 mm.sup.2/s, a viscosity index (ASTM D2270) of from 150 to 250, and a pour point (ASTM D97) of from 50 C. to 20 C.

Miscible antifoams are provided that do not separate out of a target liquid and that are easy to incorporate in the target liquid. A method or system involves mixing a liquid (a miscible antifoam) into a target foaming liquid. This miscible antifoam is engineered/chosen such that it has both a higher surface tension and is more volatile than the target liquid, or engineered such that it has both a lower surface tension and is less volatility than the target liquid. The miscible antifoam leads to surface tension gradients that cause bubble rupture up to 10 times faster than the target liquid without the antifoam. Further, the miscible antifoams are easy to incorporate and do not separate out from the target liquid during operationboth of which are key limitations faced by existing antifoams.

Miscible antifoams are provided that do not separate out of a target liquid and that are easy to incorporate in the target liquid. A method or system involves mixing a liquid (a miscible antifoam) into a target foaming liquid. This miscible antifoam is engineered/chosen such that it has both a higher surface tension and is more volatile than the target liquid, or engineered such that it has both a lower surface tension and is less volatility than the target liquid. The miscible antifoam leads to surface tension gradients that cause bubble rupture up to 10 times faster than the target liquid without the antifoam. Further, the miscible antifoams are easy to incorporate and do not separate out from the target liquid during operationboth of which are key limitations faced by existing antifoams.

The disclosure relates to the use of a lubricating composition including at least one base oil and at least one organic compound for reducing, or even eliminating, knocking in the engine of vehicles, preferably motor vehicles.

The disclosure relates to the use of a lubricating composition including at least one base oil and at least one organic compound for reducing, or even eliminating, knocking in the engine of vehicles, preferably motor vehicles.