The present invention provides a method for determining the authenticity of a petroleum hydrocarbon allegedly comprising at least one specific chemical marker, as well as a method for determining adulteration of a petroleum hydrocarbon marked with at least one specific chemical marker. The methods claimed and described herein rely upon the use of specific chemical markers in combination with laser ionization at a wavelength of between about 300 nm and about 370 nm coupled with ion mobility spectrometry or with mass spectrometry.

A turbine oil used in a turbine of a jet engine, containing: a base oil (A) containing a polyol ester (A1); an antioxidant (B) containing an amine-based antioxidant (B1); a polymethacrylate (C) having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 600,000; and an alkyl aromatic compound (D), having a content of the component (D) of 1,000 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of a total resin content of the component (C), and satisfying the following requirements (1) and (2): requirement (1): a viscosity index of 140 or more; and requirement (2): a coking amount attached to a panel of 80 mg or less after a panel coking test under the prescribed condition. The turbine oil has a high viscosity index to such an extent that an oil film can be retained in the use under a high temperature environment as in a turbine of a jet engine mounted on an aircraft, and is excellent in low temperature viscosity characteristics while retaining excellent heat resistance.

A turbine oil used in a turbine of a jet engine, containing: a base oil (A) containing a polyol ester (A1); an antioxidant (B) containing an amine-based antioxidant (B1); a polymethacrylate (C) having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 600,000; and an alkyl aromatic compound (D), having a content of the component (D) of 1,000 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of a total resin content of the component (C), and satisfying the following requirements (1) and (2): requirement (1): a viscosity index of 140 or more; and requirement (2): a coking amount attached to a panel of 80 mg or less after a panel coking test under the prescribed condition. The turbine oil has a high viscosity index to such an extent that an oil film can be retained in the use under a high temperature environment as in a turbine of a jet engine mounted on an aircraft, and is excellent in low temperature viscosity characteristics while retaining excellent heat resistance.

A lubricating base stock comprising an alkyl aromatic, a blend of additives, a blend of oil soluble polyalkylene glycols and a blend of polyolefins. In the lubricating base stock, the oil soluble polyaklyene glycols are homopolymers of ethylene oxide. Additionally, in the lubricating base stock, the blend of polyolefins comprises at least one metallocene polyolefin.

A turbine oil used in a turbine of a jet engine, containing: a base oil (A) containing a polyol ester (A1); an antioxidant (B) containing an amine-based antioxidant (B1); a polymethacrylate (C) having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 600,000; and an alkyl aromatic compound (D), having a content of the component (D) of 1,000 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of a total resin content of the component (C), and satisfying the following requirements (1) and (2): requirement (1): a viscosity index of 140 or more; and requirement (2): a coking amount attached to a panel of 80 mg or less after a panel coking test under the prescribed condition. The turbine oil has a high viscosity index to such an extent that an oil film can be retained in the use under a high temperature environment as in a turbine of a jet engine mounted on an aircraft, and is excellent in low temperature viscosity characteristics while retaining excellent heat resistance.

A turbine oil used in a turbine of a jet engine, containing: a base oil (A) containing a polyol ester (A1); an antioxidant (B) containing an amine-based antioxidant (B1); a polymethacrylate (C) having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 600,000; and an alkyl aromatic compound (D), having a content of the component (D) of 1,000 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of a total resin content of the component (C), and satisfying the following requirements (1) and (2): requirement (1): a viscosity index of 140 or more; and requirement (2): a coking amount attached to a panel of 80 mg or less after a panel coking test under the prescribed condition. The turbine oil has a high viscosity index to such an extent that an oil film can be retained in the use under a high temperature environment as in a turbine of a jet engine mounted on an aircraft, and is excellent in low temperature viscosity characteristics while retaining excellent heat resistance.

Miscible antifoams are provided that do not separate out of a target liquid and that are easy to incorporate in the target liquid. A method or system involves mixing a liquid (a miscible antifoam) into a target foaming liquid. This miscible antifoam is engineered/chosen such that it has both a higher surface tension and is more volatile than the target liquid, or engineered such that it has both a lower surface tension and is less volatility than the target liquid. The miscible antifoam leads to surface tension gradients that cause bubble rupture up to 10 times faster than the target liquid without the antifoam. Further, the miscible antifoams are easy to incorporate and do not separate out from the target liquid during operationboth of which are key limitations faced by existing antifoams.

Miscible antifoams are provided that do not separate out of a target liquid and that are easy to incorporate in the target liquid. A method or system involves mixing a liquid (a miscible antifoam) into a target foaming liquid. This miscible antifoam is engineered/chosen such that it has both a higher surface tension and is more volatile than the target liquid, or engineered such that it has both a lower surface tension and is less volatility than the target liquid. The miscible antifoam leads to surface tension gradients that cause bubble rupture up to 10 times faster than the target liquid without the antifoam. Further, the miscible antifoams are easy to incorporate and do not separate out from the target liquid during operationboth of which are key limitations faced by existing antifoams.

A biodegradable, non-toxic lubricant is described. Also described are methods of using the composition, and processes of making it.

A biodegradable, non-toxic lubricant is described. Also described are methods of using the composition, and processes of making it.