A lubricating oil composition which contains a base oil and a fluorine compound and may have improved cooling performance. The base oil may contain a mineral oil. The base oil may have a kinematic viscosity in a range of from 1 to 25 mm.sup.2/s at 40° C. The content of the fluorine compound may be in a range of from 3 to 30% by weight based on the total amount of the composition.

A lubricating oil composition which contains a base oil and a fluorine compound and may have improved cooling performance. The base oil may contain a mineral oil. The base oil may have a kinematic viscosity in a range of from 1 to 25 mm.sup.2/s at 40° C. The content of the fluorine compound may be in a range of from 3 to 30% by weight based on the total amount of the composition.

The present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil comprising a hydrocarbon-based base oil having a viscosity index of 120 or less, and the refrigerating machine oil being used with a 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene refrigerant.

The present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil comprising a hydrocarbon-based base oil having a viscosity index of 120 or less, and the refrigerating machine oil being used with a 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene refrigerant.

The present invention relates to a composition for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one base oil and at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I)
R.sub.F-L-R.sub.H  (I) in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R.sub.H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker. The invention also relates to the use of at least one fire retardant of formula (I), in a composition for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, including at least one battery, to give it ignition-resistance properties. Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting a battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery, in particular a lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium battery, in contact with a composition according to the invention.

The present invention relates to a composition for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one base oil and at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I)
R.sub.F-L-R.sub.H  (I) in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R.sub.H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker. The invention also relates to the use of at least one fire retardant of formula (I), in a composition for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, including at least one battery, to give it ignition-resistance properties. Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting a battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery, in particular a lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium battery, in contact with a composition according to the invention.

Disclosed is a thermoset, thermal insulating foams having desirable and unexpectedly low thermal conductivity, and to compositions, method and systems which use and/or are used to make such foams comprising: (a) providing thermosetting foam forming component and a blowing agent for forming predominantly closed cells in the foam, wherein the blowing agent comprises: (i) cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzzm(Z)) and cyclopentane, with the HFO-1336mzzm(Z) and cyclopentane in the blowing agent together comprising at least about 50% by weight of the total of all components in the blowing agent and (ii) the weight ratio of HFO-1336mzzm(Z) to cyclopentane in the blowing agent is from about 45:55 to less than 68:32 and (b) forming foam from said provided foamable composition.

Disclosed is a thermoset, thermal insulating foams having desirable and unexpectedly low thermal conductivity, and to compositions, method and systems which use and/or are used to make such foams comprising: (a) providing thermosetting foam forming component and a blowing agent for forming predominantly closed cells in the foam, wherein the blowing agent comprises: (i) cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzzm(Z)) and cyclopentane, with the HFO-1336mzzm(Z) and cyclopentane in the blowing agent together comprising at least about 50% by weight of the total of all components in the blowing agent and (ii) the weight ratio of HFO-1336mzzm(Z) to cyclopentane in the blowing agent is from about 45:55 to less than 68:32 and (b) forming foam from said provided foamable composition.

By fluorinating 1,2,3,3-tetrachloro-1-propene (1230xd) using hydrogen fluoride as a fluorinating agent, an efficient method for producing 1,2-dichloro-3,3-difluoro-1-propene (1232xd) is provided. Through this composition including 1232xd, there are also provided an environmentally friendly composition having excellent ability to dissolve various organic matters, a method for cleaning an article using the composition, a method for producing a lubricant solution using the composition, and a method for producing a component provided with a lubricant coating film.

Lubricant compositions, core-shell nanoparticles, and related methods are disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, a lubricant composition includes a plurality of core-shell nanoparticles. The nanoparticles include a core, a first shell disposed on the core, and a second shell disposed on the first shell. The first shell is formed from a siliceous material and the second shell is formed from a hydrophobic material. The first and second shells form functional coatings that reduce wear and friction of parts lubricated with the lubricant composition.