A bicycle chain lubricant that may be applied as a coating on a bicycle chain is a crystalline solid at ambient temperatures, yet when the chain is in motion the forces around internal components locally transforms the coating to a lubricous fluid. This increases chain efficiency in the drive train and reduces ware by limiting water and dirt access to chain internal components.

The present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil comprising a hydrocarbon-based base oil having a viscosity index of 120 or less, and the refrigerating machine oil being used with a 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene refrigerant.

A lubricating oil composition containing a base oil (A), a comb-shaped polymer (B), and an olefin-based copolymer (C), wherein a content of the component (B) is more than 0.80 mass % based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, a weight average molecular weight of the component (C) is 500,000 or more, and the lubricating oil composition has a viscosity index of 200 or more and a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 9.3 to 11.0 mm.sup.2/s.

Disclosed herein is a method for pretreatment of a metallic substrate for a subsequent metal cold forming process, said method , and contacting at least one surface of the substrate with an aqueous lubricant composition (B). The aqueous lubricant composition (B) has a pH value in the range of from 0.1 to 6.0, and includes water in an amount of at least 40 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the composition (B), at least one film-forming polymer, at least one wax, at least one corrosion inhibitor , and oxalate and/or phosphate anions. Further disclosed herein are a pretreated metallic substrate obtainable by the aforementioned inventive method, a method of cold forming of a metallic substrate including a step of subjecting the inventive pretreated metallic substrate to a cold forming process, an aqueous lubricant composition (B), and a master batch for preparing the aqueous composition (B).

A lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine includes: a lubricant base oil including at least one mineral base oil, at least one synthetic base oil, or any combination thereof, and having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 3.0 to 4.0 mm.sup.2/s and a NOACK evaporation loss at 250° C. of no more than 15 mass %; (A) a calcium-containing metallic detergent in an amount of no less than 1000 mass ppm and less than 2000 mass ppm in terms of calcium; (B) a magnesium-containing metallic detergent in an amount of 100 to 1000 mass ppm in terms of magnesium; (G) a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate in an amount of no less than 600 mass ppm in terms of phosphorus; and optionally (C) a viscosity index improver in an amount of no more than 5 mass %.

A dielectric nanolubricant composition is provided. The dielectric nanolubricant composition includes a nano-engineered lubricant additive dispersed in a base. The nano-engineered lubricant additive may include a plurality of solid lubricant nanostructures having an open-ended architecture and an organic, inorganic, and/or polymeric medium intercalated in the nanostructures and/or encapsulate nanostructures. The base may include a grease or oil such as silicone grease or oil, lithium complex grease, lithium grease, calcium sulfonate grease, silica thickened perfluoropolyether (PFPE) grease or PFPE oil, for example. This dielectric nanolubricant composition provides better corrosion and water resistance, high dielectric strength, longer material life, more inert chemistries, better surface protection and asperity penetration, no curing, no staining, and environmentally friendly, compared to current products in the market.

Provided are: a solid lubricant having a low friction coefficient and excellent abrasion resistance; and a sliding member having this solid lubricant embedded therein. The solid lubricant (4) has a sea-island structure, comprising: a sea phase as a continuous phase, containing a hydrocarbon-based wax and a polyethylene resin; and an island phase as a dispersion phase, containing a low-molecular weight tetrafluoroethylene resin, a higher fatty acid salt, a phosphate of basic nitrogen-containing compound, and zinc stannate. A high-molecular weight tetrafluoroethylene resin is contained in this continuous-phase sea phase in a fibrous and mesh state. The hydrocarbon-based wax content is 30-60 vol %, the polyethylene resin content is 3-10 vol %, the low-molecular weight tetrafluoroethylene resin content is 10-30% vol %, the higher fatty acid salt content is 20-40% vol %, the basic nitrogen-containing compound phosphate content is 0.5-5 vol %, the zinc stannate content is 0.5-5 vol %, and the high-molecular weight tetrafluoroethylene resin content is 1-10 vol %.

A laminated sliding member 1 includes a base body 4 having one flat surface 3 which is circular in a plan view and a solid lubricant layer 5 adhered to the flat surface 3 of the base body 4 and having a sliding surface 2 which is circular in a plan view.

A lubricant film-forming composition includes as a composition: 40 to 80 mass % of a base oil consisting of one or more selected from pentaerythritol fatty acid ester and trimethylolpropane fatty acid ester; 5 to 20 mass % of a solidifying agent consisting of paraffin wax; and 10 to 40 mass % of a solid lubricant consisting of one or more selected from alkali metal salt of hydroxystearic acid and alkali earth metal salt of hydroxystearic acid. A total content of the base oil, the solidifying agent, and the solid lubricant is 85 mass % or more and 100 mass % or less, and the lubricant film-forming composition does not contain heavy metals.

Provided is a mineral base oil satisfying the following requirements (I) to (III): Requirement (I): a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. is 2 mm.sup.2/s or more and less than 7 mm.sup.2/s; Requirement (II): a viscosity index is 100 or more; and Requirement (III): a temperature gradient Δ|η*| of complex viscosity between two temperature points −10° C. and −25° C. is 60 Pa.Math.s/° C. or less as measured with a rotary rheometer under conditions at an angular velocity of 6.3 rad/s and a strain amount of 0.1 to 100%. The foregoing mineral base oil can become a lubricating oil composition having desirable low-temperature viscosity characteristics, including low-temperature fuel consumption and low-temperature engine start-up performance, and also having excellent high-temperature piston detergency.