A lubricating oil base oil may include a solid surface distance of 1.0 nm or more at a surface pressure of 12.4 MPa and a normalized peak intensity ratio of more than 0.2 to 1.0 measured using a resonance shear measurement system and a lubricating oil composition may include the lubricating oil base oil.

A base oil includes an ester compound obtained by reacting a fatty acid component and a monohydric alcohol component. The fatty acid component includes a C.sub.4-C.sub.28 fatty acid. The monohydric alcohol component includes at least one C.sub.4-C.sub.22 straight chain monohydric alcohol and at least one C.sub.4-C.sub.22 branched chain monohydric alcohol. A lubricant oil composition including the base oil is also disclosed.

Various liquid and semisolid lubricant compositions are provided, in particular lubricant compositions are provided which have been chemically modified to increase a concentration of triacylglyceride estolide content. The estolides can be produced via esterification with one or more fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, or a combination thereof. Both liquid and semisolid lubricant compositions are provided.

A base oil includes an ester compound obtained by reacting a fatty acid component and a monohydric alcohol component. The fatty acid component includes a C.sub.4-C.sub.28 fatty acid. The monohydric alcohol component includes at least one C.sub.4-C.sub.22 straight chain monohydric alcohol and at least one C.sub.4-C.sub.22 branched chain monohydric alcohol. A lubricant oil composition including the base oil is also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a solid lubricant to be coated on an image bearing member included in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. The solid lubricant contains a resin particle and metal soap. The resin particle includes a particle body containing an amorphous resin as a principal component, and a fluorine atom supported on a surface of the particle body. The resin particle is a particle having a volume average particle size of 70 nm or more. The solid lubricant can sufficiently increase a cleaning effect in the image forming apparatus.

The present invention relates to a solid lubricant to be coated on an image bearing member included in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. The solid lubricant contains a resin particle and metal soap. The resin particle includes a particle body containing an amorphous resin as a principal component, and a fluorine atom supported on a surface of the particle body. The resin particle is a particle having a volume average particle size of 70 nm or more. The solid lubricant can sufficiently increase a cleaning effect in the image forming apparatus.

A heat pump apparatus is provided in which refrigerant circulates between an indoor unit and an outdoor unit, wherein the refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1123 and an HFC refrigerant other than HFO-1123, the outdoor unit has a cooling capacity (kW) in the range of 2.2 to 9.5 kW, the outer diameter (mm) of a gas pipe between the indoor unit and the outdoor unit and the cooling capacity (kW) of the outdoor unit satisfy the relation (1.00outer diameter (mm) of gas pipe/cooling capacity (kW) of outdoor unit5.77), and the outer diameter (mm) of a liquid pipe between the indoor unit and the outdoor unit and the cooling capacity (kW) of the outdoor unit satisfy the relation (0.67outer diameter (mm) of liquid pipe/cooling capacity (kW) of outdoor unit5.77).