This invention relates to polymer-based partially-open, hollow reservoirs in the nano-size to micro-size range that encapsulate an additive, which can be released from the reservoirs using specific event stimuli such as reduction-oxidation and voltage change, or at will, using the same stimuli. This invention also relates to method preparing such reservoirs, and for releasing the additive. This invention further relates to matrix that comprises such reservoirs and the method of preparing such matrix. This invention also relates to applications, for example in corrosion inhibition, lubrication, and adhesion, that benefit from using such a controlled release of an additive.

The invention discloses a lubricating grease with thixotropy and a preparation method thereof. The lubricating grease comprises a polyurea/high base number calcium sulfonate composite thickener, colloidally dispersed calcium carbonate solid particles in the form of calcite, a calcium borate or calcium borate composite, and a calcium soap of fatty acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms. The above components are uniformly dispersed in an oil phase medium. The content of high base number calcium sulfonate in the lubricating grease is less than 22 wt %.

Diaryl amines are selectively alkylated by reaction with branched olefins, which olefins are capable of forming tertiary carbonium ions and can be conveniently prepared from readily available branched alcohols. The diaryl amine products are effective antioxidants and often comprise a high amount of di-alkylated diaryl amines and a low amount of tri- and tetra-alkylated diaryl amines.

The invention relates to the use of at least one compound, which has at least one sterically hindered amine or phenolic function, as an anti-corrosion additive in a lubricant composition for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, said lubricant composition comprising one or more amino and/or sulfur anti-wear additives. The invention also relates to the use of a lubricant composition comprising one or more compounds, which has at least one sterically hindered amine or phenolic function, as one or more anti-corrosion additives, further comprising one or more amino and/or sulfur anti-wear additives, for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, in particular for lubricating the electric motor and the power electronics of an electric or hybrid vehicle.

Lubricant compositions comprising a base oil, one or more antioxidants selected from a group consisting of N-α-naphthyl-N-phenylamine antioxidants and diphenylamine antioxidants; and a sulfur-containing additive comprising up to seven carbon atoms exhibit outstanding oxidative stability and non-corrosion properties. The N-α-naphthyl-N-phenylamine antioxidants plus diphenylamine antioxidants in total may be present from about 0.2 wt % to about 0.8 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. The sulfur provided by the sulfur-containing additive may be present from about 50 ppm to about 1000 ppm by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.

The present invention provides a lubricant composition comprising a base oil of lubricating viscosity, wherein the base oil comprises an ether base stock of formula (A), where: R.sub.a and R.sub.b are aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups and may be the same or different; the lubricant composition further comprising at least one aminic anti-oxidant and at least one phenolic anti-oxidant. In some embodiments, the ether base stock has the formula (1), where: R.sub.1 R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are as defined herein. The lubricant composition may be used for lubricating a surface in an internal combustion engine as well as for improving the fuel economy performance and/or piston cleanliness performance of an engine and/or a vehicle, such as an automotive vehicle associated with an internal combustion engine. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure describes lubricant compositions effective to minimize average engine sludge through selection of lubricant additives that control the total nitrogen as well as the origin of the nitrogen in the lubricant composition. In aspects, the lubricant compositions herein include at least a base oil of lubricating viscosity, a dispersant system, and at least one antioxidant.

The present invention relates to a lubricant composition, in particular for a gas or steam turbine, comprising: —at least one base oil; —at least one phenylnaphthylamine (PAN) compound, preferably alkylphenyl-α-naphthylamine (APAN) compound; —at least one diphenylamine (DPA) compound, preferably dialkyl-diphenylamine compound; and —at least one phosphite ester compound, preferably triaryl phosphite ester compound; in which the ratio by weight between said diphenylamine compound(s) and said phosphite ester compound(s) is strictly greater than 1.0.

A lubricating oil composition including a base oil (X) having a tertiary carbon atom at a content of 8.0 at % or more based on the total carbon of hydrocarbons and an antioxidant (Y) having an amine-based antioxidant (A), a phenol-based antioxidant (B), and a phosphor-based antioxidant (C). The amine-based antioxidant (A) includes a diphenylamine compound (A1) represented by the following general formula (a1):

##STR00001##

where R.sup.a1 and R.sup.a2, na1 and na2 are defined in the disclosure.

A method for inhibiting adsorption of α-olefin in a lubricant composition to a metal surface is disclosed. The lubricant composition comprises any of oils of Group III, Group IV and polyisobutylenes classified into Group V according to the API base oil classification or a mixture thereof as a base oil, and the α-olefin coexisting in an amount of 1% by mass or less based on the total amount of the composition. The method comprises adding a sarcosinic acid derivative, an aspartic acid derivative or a diethanolamine derivative, or a mixture thereof to the lubricant composition.