An aqueous acidic composition for treating metal surfaces, the composition including the following components: a) at least one water soluble or water dispersable anionic polyelectrolyte; b) at least one organofunctional silane including one or more reactive functional groups selected from the group including amino, mercapto, methacryloxy, epoxy and vinyl; c) at least one water dispersible solid wax
wherein the weight ratio between components a:b is in the range of 1:2-4:1, based on dry matter; the weight ratio between components (a+b):c is in the range of 1:3-3:1, based on dry matter, and wherein components a and b may be present—at least partially—as their graft reaction product. Another aspect is a treating method using this composition and use of the thus treated metal surface.

The disclosed technology provides lubricating composition comprising: an oil of lubricating viscosity, a p-dodecyl-phenol-free detergent and an oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol, wherein the oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol is substituted with at least one aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 250 carbon atoms (or 20 to 220, or 30 to 150 carbon atoms), and wherein the oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol is substantially free of aromatic hydrocarbyl groups. The disclosed technology further relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical device (such as an internal combustion engine) with the lubricating composition. The disclosed technology further relates to the use of the of the lubricating composition in a passenger car internal combustion engine to improve control of at least one of the following (i) fuel economy, (ii) corrosion, (iii) cleanliness, and (iv) bore wear.

The invention relates to polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions and preparation processes thereof. The invention also relates to an additive and lubricant compositions comprising these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions, as well as to the use of these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions in an oil lubricant formulation to improve tribological performance, in particular to improve extreme pressure performance and friction reduction on metal parts.

The invention relates to polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions and preparation processes thereof. The invention also relates to an additive and lubricant compositions comprising these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions, as well as to the use of these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions in an oil lubricant formulation to improve tribological performance, in particular to improve extreme pressure performance and friction reduction on metal parts.

The invention relates to polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions and preparation processes thereof. The invention also relates to an additive and lubricant composition comprising these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions, as well as to the use of these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions in an oil lubricant formulation to improve tribological performance, in particular to improve anti-friction performance on metal parts.

The invention relates to polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions and preparation processes thereof. The invention also relates to an additive and lubricant composition comprising these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions, as well as to the use of these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions in an oil lubricant formulation to improve tribological performance, in particular to improve anti-friction performance on metal parts.

A viscosity index improver containing a copolymer (A) whose essential constituent monomer is a monomer (a) having a number average molecular weight of 800 to 4,000 represented by the following formula (1), the copolymer (A) having a solubility parameter in the range of 9.00 to 9.40: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; —X.sup.1— is a group represented by —O—, —O(AO).sub.m—, or —NH—, AO is a C2-C4 alkyleneoxy group, m is an integer of 1 to 10, each AO may be the same or different when m is 2 or more, and the (AO).sub.m moieties may be randomly bonded or block-bonded; R.sup.2 is a residue after removal of one hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon polymer whose essential constituent monomer is butadiene in which the butadiene is present in a proportion of 50% by weight or more based on the weight of R.sup.2, or after removal of one hydrogen atom from a polymer formed by partial hydrogenation of the hydrocarbon polymer; and p represents a number of 0 or 1.

The invention relates to polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions and preparation processes thereof. The invention also relates to an additive and lubricant composition comprising these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions, as well as to the use of these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions in an oil lubricant formulation to improve tribological performance, in particular to improve anti-friction performance on metal parts.

The invention relates to polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions and preparation processes thereof. The invention also relates to an additive and lubricant composition comprising these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions, as well as to the use of these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions in an oil lubricant formulation to improve tribological performance, in particular to improve anti-friction performance on metal parts.

The invention relates to polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions and preparation processes thereof. The invention also relates to an additive and lubricant compositions comprising these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions, as well as to the use of these polymeric-inorganic nanoparticle compositions in an oil lubricant formulation to improve tribological performance, in particular to improve extreme pressure performance and friction reduction on metal parts.