A conjugation device includes at least one flow reactor having an inlet and an outlet, the flow reactor(s) being completely filled with a support such as a matrix including 1) chromatography beads, fibers or membranes, and 2) a biologic catalyzer, namely the enzyme ligase, which is immobilized onto this support; a fluid delivery unit in fluid communication with the inlet of the flow reactor(s) and configured to continuously provide the flow reactor(s) with at least one kind of reaction fluid such as antibody and linker-payload according to stages of the conjugation process, the at least one kind of process fluid including a first moiety and a second moiety of a conjugate to be produced; and a fluid collection unit in fluid communication with the outlet of the flow reactor(s) and configured to control collection of fluid flowing out of the outlet of the flow reactor(s) according to the stages of the conjugation process. In a period of enabling the at least one kind of reaction fluid to continuously flow through the flow reactor(s), a conjugation reaction is conducted between the first moiety and the second moiety under catalysis of the ligase to produce the conjugate.

The present invention relates to a method for in vitro transcription of a linear template DNA which is produced using an immobilized restriction endonuclease. The invention also relates to mutated restriction enzymes which are suitable for immobilization and a solid support to which these restriction enzymes are immobilized. Further, the present invention relates to an enzyme reactor containing said immobilized restriction endonuclease which enzyme reactor can be used for preparing linearized template DNA. Finally, the present invention relates to the use of said enzyme reactor for preparing a linear template DNA for in vitro transcription. In addition, the present invention relates to a kit comprising the immobilized restriction endonuclease.

An enzyme production line having a plurality of enzymes 3 bound to a support 4 for running a series of catalyzed reactions to convert a substrate 30 to a final product 32. A method of using the enzyme production line to form a final product 32 in which a substrate 30 contacts a first enzyme 3 bound to a support 4 to form an intermediate and contacting the intermediate with a second enzyme 3 bound to a support 4 to form a final product 32.

Exemplary embodiments are directed to devices for separating a sample by chromatography, components of the devices, and methods for using the devices, and directed to devices and components for use with immobilized enzymatic reactors. A device includes a wall having a wetted surface exposed to a mobile phase including the sample during chromatographic separation. The wetted surface of the wall includes an alloy material including the following constituents: nickel, and cobalt and/or chromium where the alloy is limited in an amount of titanium to 1 wt %. A component includes a body having a wetted surface exposed to a mobile phase including the sample during chromatographic separation. The wetted surface of the body includes an alloy material including the following constituents: nickel, and cobalt and/or chromium where the alloy is limited in an amount of titanium to 1 wt %.

Aspects of the invention include methods of removing carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) from a CO.sub.2 containing gas. In some instances, the methods include contacting CO.sub.2 containing gas with a bicarbonate buffered aqueous medium under conditions sufficient to produce a bicarbonate rich product. Where desired, the resultant bicarbonate rich product or a component thereof may then be stored or further processed, e.g., combined with a divalent alkaline earth metal cation, under conditions sufficient to produce a solid carbonate composition. Aspects of the invention further include systems for practicing the methods, as well as products produced by the methods.

A device for treatment of cells with particles is disclosed. The device includes a semi-permeable membrane positioned between two plates, the first plate defining a first flow chamber and comprising a port, a flow channel, a transverse port, and a transverse flow channel, the first flow chamber constructed and arranged to deliver fluid in a transverse direction along the first side of the semi-permeable membrane, the second plate defining a second flow chamber and comprising a port. A method for transducing cells is disclosed. The method includes introducing a fluid with cells and viral particles into a flow chamber adjacent a semi-permeable membrane such that the cells and the viral particles are substantially evenly distributed on the semi-permeable membrane. The method also includes introducing a recovery fluid to suspend the cells and the viral particles, and separating the cells from the viral particles. A method of activating cells is disclosed.

The membrane bioreactor for simultaneous enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis and product separation is a vessel having a lower hydrolysis reaction chamber and an upper distilled water chamber separated by a semipermeable membrane attached to the top of the lower reaction chamber. The membrane is supported on a stainless steel mesh and sealed to the mesh by epoxy glue to prevent leakage. A peristaltic pump is connected to the reaction chamber and maintains a flow of distilled water through the membrane and the upper chamber, the effluent being collected in a beaker or other product collection vessel. The reaction chamber is agitated at a moderate rate by a magnetic stirrer, and the upper chamber is agitated more rigorously by a mechanical stirrer. A thermocouple and temperature controller and a buffer solution, respectively, maintain temperature and pH in the reaction chamber optimal for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose.

A full-ocean-depth fidelity enzymological measurement device for microbial extracellular enzyme is provided, comprising a pressure-maintaining sampling bottle, pressure-maintaining transfer equipment, a pressure-maintaining enzymological reactor, and heat preservation equipment and enzyme activity detection equipment. The pressure-maintaining enzymological reactor comprises a barrel body, a plug, polytetrafluoroethylene gaskets, an O-ring, a piston, a high-pressure straight-through valve, and a high-pressure connector. The pressure-maintaining enzymological reactor is in a closed barrel body shape and is internally provided with the piston, and the plug and the valve are arranged at each of two ends of the pressure-maintaining enzymological reactor; and the valve is connected to the pressure-maintaining transfer equipment through the high-pressure connector. According to the full-ocean-depth fidelity enzymological measurement device provided by the present disclosure, full-ocean-depth (0-11000 m) sample pressure-maintaining sampling and transferring can be achieved; and sample collection, transferring and enzymological reaction can be conducted under in-situ pressure and temperature conditions.

Methods and compositions for making bacteriocins are described in some embodiments herein. In some embodiments, pro-polypeptide comprising the bacteriocins in the desired ratios in cis, and separated by cleavage sited can be produced by a microbial cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding the pro-polypeptide. In some embodiments microfluidic devices and methods for making specified mixtures of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins are described.

Systems and methods for recycling of organic waste to produce lactic acid by fermentation are provided, which utilize dried or partially-dried compositions of spores of the lactic acid-producing bacterium Bacillus coagulans.